1 / 12

Indexing Languages

Indexing Languages. Indexing Languages. Purposes and Uses a system for naming or identifying subjects contained in a document. as a tool for communication A means of expressing feeling or thoughts

florencekyle
Download Presentation

Indexing Languages

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Indexing Languages

  2. Indexing Languages Purposes and Uses • a system for naming or identifying subjects contained in a document. • as a tool for communication • A means of expressing feeling or thoughts • Used for the representation of topics and features of a document and the retrieval of the documents.

  3. Indexing Languages Features/Characteristics Vocabulary – refers to terms selected from the indexing of concepts. Syntactics – refers to the combination and modification of terms to form headings and multilevel headings or to form search statements. Example: Employees, Training of; Training of employees .

  4. Semantics – the study of meaning as expressed in communication such as words Semantic relationships are categorized into: • Equivalence relationship – implies that there will be more than one term denoting the same concept. • Synonyms (e.g Solutions; Answers) • Quasi-synonyms (e.g. Economics; Cost and financing) • Preferred spelling (e.g. Program; Programme)

  5. Acronyms and abbreviations (e.g. ALA; American Library Association) • Current and established terms (e.g. Developing Coutries; Third World Countries; Less Developed Countries) • Translation (e.g. Manila Hemp: Abaca)

  6. Hierarchical relationship • Genus – species relationship (represents class inclusion Example: Agro industry  Food Industry  Meat Industry • Whole - part relationship Example: Foot  Toes • Affinitive relationship – displayed with the use of related terms Example: Men – Women Education – Teaching

  7. 1. Natural language (derived-term system)‏ Characteristics are: Improves recall because it provides more access points but reduces precision Redundancy is greater Uses more current terms Tends to be favored by subject-specialists or the end-users May also be called indexing by extraction (or extractive indexing method). Types of Indexing Languages

  8. 2.Controlled vocabulary (assigned-term system)‏ Functions: To control synonyms by choosing one form as the standard term To make distinctions among homographs To bring or link together terms that are closely related Establishes the size of scope of a term Usually records hierarchical and affinitive/associative relations Controls variant spellings

  9. Syndetic devices used by a controlled vocabulary: USE and UF (use for) for synonyms BT (broader term), NT (narrower term) and RT (related term) for differing levels of specificity and certain near synonyms and antonyms

  10. 1. Authority List / Subject Authority List Examples: Library of Congress Subject Headings Sears List of Subject Headings Dewey Decimal Classification 2. Thesaurus Latin word means ‘treasure’ Poly-hierarchical Examples: The Art & Architecture Thesaurus* ERIC (Education Resouces Information Center) Thesaurus* Types of Controlled Vocabulary

  11. Relationships of Terms INTELLIGENCE BT: Ability NT: Comprehension RT: Talent Aptitude Broader term (BT) reference shows hierarchical relationship upward in the classification tree. Narrower term (NT) reference is similar to the broader term reference, except it goes down in the classification tree. Related term (RT) reference refers to a descriptor that can be used in addition to the basic term but is not in a hierarchical relationship. Use reference refers to a preferred descriptor from a non-usable term. Use for (UF) reference deals primarily with synonymous or variant forms of the preferred descriptor. It is also used to lead the indexer to more general terms. Scope Note (SN) is used to give the users about the descriptor’s usage restrictions or to clarify ambiguity.

  12. Construction of a Thesaurus Identify the subject field. Identify the nature of literature to be indexed. Identify the users. Identify the file structure. Will this be a pre-coordinate or post-coordinate system? Consult published indexes, glossaries, dictionaries, and other tools in the subject areas for the raw vocabulary. Cluster the terms. Establish term relationships.

More Related