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Introduction to Operating Systems: Open Source vs Closed Source

This article provides an introduction to operating systems, focusing on the difference between open source and closed source OSs. It also covers the Windows family of OSs, types of operating systems, and the main functions of an operating system.

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Introduction to Operating Systems: Open Source vs Closed Source

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  1. IOS110 Week 2 -- Introduction to Operating Systems

  2. Agenda • Open Source and Closed Source OSs • Windows family of Operating Systems • Types of Operating Systems • Functions of an Operating System

  3. Open and Closed Source OSs • Open Source – binaries + source code • Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD • Closed source – binaries only • Windows, Adobe, IBM, Sun

  4. Windows Family of OSs • MS-DOS • Windows 9x (95/98/Me) • NT\2000\XP\Vista • Windows CE (Pocket PC)

  5. Microsoft Family of OS’s & Win32 API Win 32 API NT\2000\XP\Vista Windows 95\98\Me Windows CE

  6. Current Desktop Usage Usage Share of Desktop Operating Systems from Wikipedia - Dec. 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_desktop_operating_systems

  7. Feature Summary

  8. Types of Operating Systems • Single-User, Single Process • Single-User, Multi-process • Multi-user, Multi-process • Real-Time Operating Systems

  9. Single-User Single Process • Allows one user at a time • Allows one process at a time • E.g. DOS, MacOS, Win3.1

  10. Single-User Multi-process • Allows one user at a time • Allows multiple processes to run simultaneously • E.g. OS/2, Win95/98, WinNT workstation

  11. Multi-user Multi-process • Allows multiple users simultaneously • Allows every user to run multiple processes simultaneously • E.g. UNIX, Linux, W2K, WinXP

  12. Real Time Operating Systems • Used with “embedded” applications • Operate in “real-time” to Control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems

  13. Functions of an Operating System • The 4 main functions that an operating system provides us with are: • User Interface • File System Management • Task Management • Device Management

  14. User Interface • The user interface can be command line like UNIX, providing power and flexibility or • GUI, like Windows providing ease of use. • Through the User Interface the user can interact with the other OS functions, e.g. device management

  15. File Management • Files are an abstract storage device resource • Most common method of storing information on a computer • Files can be “distributed”

  16. Task Management • Administers the allocation and use of “primary” memory • Uses “virtual memory” • Uses memory on remote machines • Tasks are divided into processes • Processes are the basic units of computation • Resources are the computer components needed by the process, CPU, RAM, drives, etc.

  17. Device Management • Most important aspect of OS • All devices treated in a similar manner • All devices require resources to operate • All require “device drivers”

  18. Operating System Functions User Application Program interfaces Operating System Hardware

  19. Overview of OS Functions Application Program Layer Operating System Layer File Management User Interface (shell) Task Management Device Management Hardware Layer

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