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Explore the rich history of ballet, from Marius Petipa's revolutionary works in St. Petersburg, to the groundbreaking collaborations of the Ballet Russe, and the development of American Ballet Theater. Discover the influential choreographers and dancers who shaped the art form, including George Balanchine, Vaslav Nijinsky, and Mikail Baryshnikov.
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The Beginning • Marius Petipa came to St. Petersburg from Italy in 1847. • Ballet master of the Imperial Ballet • Philosophy: Rigorous training for dancers from a young age ensured brilliant technique. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwA77n4bgEQ
The Beginning • Created the core of the Russian repertoire: - Don Quixote - Swan Lake - The Nutcracker - Sleeping Beauty • Composers such as Tchaikovskycollaborated with Petipa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p21n1xorjEs&list=PLXJYYWgJr1Mt6tx2RxBDN0DhHWbFq1n1M
Ballet Russe • Created by Sergei Diaghilev in 1909 • One of the most influential ballet companies of the 20th century • Known for ground-breaking artistic collaboration among choreographers, composers, visual artists, and dancers • Choreographers included • Marius Petipa • Mikail Fokine • George Balanchine • Vaslav Nijinsky
Ballet Russe • It created a sensation in Western Europe because of the great vitality of Russian ballet compared to French dance • When company disbanded after Diaghilev’s death in 1929, many artists moved to America https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmsR8eR2-MI
American Ballet Theater(…and how the Soviet Union made that possible )
American Ballet Theater • Launched in 1939 • Developed the best ballets from the past and encouraged the creation of new works by young choreographers. • Directors: Lucia Chase, Oliver Smith (1945-1980) • Includes all of the great full-length ballets of the 19th Century--Giselle, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty
American Ballet Theater • Recognized as one of the great dance companies in the world with a combination of great size, scope, and outreach. • Annually tours the U.S. performing for more than 450,000 people. • The ABT has also made more than 30 international tours to 50 countries. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYY97S5EV4s
Mikail Fokine • 1880-1942 Russia (moved to America 1923) • Essential to the crossover of ballet from Russia to America. • Principles of Reform: • dance should relate to the subject, period, and character of the music • meaning should be expressed by movement of the whole body • alliance among all aspects of the ballet: dance, music, scenic and costume design
The Firebird Premiere: June 25, 1910 Choreography: Mikhail Fokine Music: Igor Stravinsky Design: Alexandre Golovine Léon Bakst Cast: Tamara Karsavina Mikhail Fokine
The Firebird Plot: Based on Russian folk tales of the magical glowing bird that is both a blessing and a curse to its captor. Staged by George Balanchine for the New York City Ballet in 1949 with Maria Tallchief as the Firebird. Watch Video
George Balanchine • 1904-1983 Russia • The foremost contemporary choreographer in the world of ballet. • Studied at the Imperial School of Ballet during World War I. • After leaving the Soviet Union, he came to America and founded the school of American Ballet in 1934.
George Balanchine • Founding the New York City Ballet in 1948 Acted as artistic director and chief choreographer • He was an international choreographer and almost every ballet company in the world has performed his work. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoyr458kIvs
Stars and Stripes • Created in 1958 • Composed by John Philip Sousa • It is a full-company ballet complete with baton twirling, military marching and a regiment of rifle-bearing ballerinas.
Stars and Stripes • Overview • Performed in 5 acts, or “campaigns,” it lasts an average of 28 minutes. • The fourth campaign is a challenging pas de deux with a coda set to the "Liberty Bell" and "El Capitan" which shows the virtuosity of the dancers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soaHshlFBNI
Vaslay Nijinsky • 1890-1950 Russia • His parents were celebrated dancers • Joined Imperial School of Dance at age 9 • Toured Paris with Sergei Diaghilev’s company in 1909. • Suffering from schizophrenia, he was forced to retire from the stage in 1919 • He was in and out of institutions for the next 30 years, never dancing again in public.
Rite of Spring Premiere: May 29th, 1913 Choreography: Vaslay Nijinsky Music: Igor Stravinsky Design: Nicholas Roerich Duration: 33 minutes Plot: a pagan ritual in which a young girl dances herself to death
Rite of Spring Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jF1OQkHybEQ Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH1t0pCchxM Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_7ndqgwxcM
Mikail Baryshnikov • Born 1948 • Best Ballet Male Dancer of 20th Century • Began dancing in Riga, Lativa • Debut made at Maryinsky Theater in 1967 • Debut with ABA in 1974. • Principle dancer & artistic director • 1990 founded the White Oak project with Mark Morris • most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer because of acting ability http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsOJ0G1psUA
Mikail Baryshnikov • Became Artistic Director of American Ballet Theatre in 1980 • Under his leadership, numerous classical ballets were staged, restaged and refurbished, and the Company experienced a strengthening and refining of the classical tradition. • In 1990, Jane Hermann and Oliver Smith succeeded Baryshnikov and immediately established an agenda that was dedicated to maintaining the great traditions of the past while aggressively pursuing a vital and innovative future.
