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Policy, Science, and Partnership Issues for the Complex Urban Environment

Policy, Science, and Partnership Issues for the Complex Urban Environment. Dr. Kathie L. Olsen, Associate Director Office of Science and Technology Policy September 21, 2004. Photo credit: Urban Heat Island Pilot Project: Sacramento, CA. Challenges in Urban Meteorology.

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Policy, Science, and Partnership Issues for the Complex Urban Environment

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  1. Policy, Science, and Partnership Issues for the Complex Urban Environment Dr. Kathie L. Olsen, Associate Director Office of Science and Technology Policy September 21, 2004 Photo credit: Urban Heat Island Pilot Project: Sacramento, CA

  2. Challenges in Urban Meteorology • “The goal of life is living in agreement with nature.” Zeno (335 BC - 264 BC) • “Many difficulties which nature throws in our way, may be smoothed away by the exercise of intelligence.” Titus Livius (59 BC - 17 AD)

  3. Challenges in Urban Meteorology • Dr. Ann Carlson • NASA • Dr. Gene Whitney • Interior/USGS

  4. The United Nations has predicted by 2025, 60 percent of the world's population will live in cities. • We need to understand the hazards • We need to be warned and know how to react • We need to be safe at home and at work • We need to recover quickly

  5. What are we doing in DC?

  6. Role of White House Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP) • Advise the President & Offices of the President • Lead the interagency effort to develop S&T policies and budgets for all areas of science • Co-chair National Science & Technology Council (NSTC) • PCAST • Build strong partnerships among federal, state and local governments, other countries, industry, academia & scientific associations • Develop clear, measurable goals and objectives for R&D programs • Assess Federal investments relative to purposes of government

  7. How Do We Set America’s S&T Priorities?

  8. The Program Decision Process Top down (Agency management, OSTP/OMB, Congress) • Priorities • Budget • Strategic • Planning • DECISIONS • Ideas • Concepts • Planning • Capability • development Bottom’s up (academia, industry, agency S&E personnel)

  9. Establishing Program Priorities Science Priority Criteria Science Return Benefit to Society Mandated Program Appropriate for Federal government Partnership Opportunity Technology Readiness Program Balance Cost/Budget Context Implementation Priority Criteria

  10. OSTP / OMB Guidance Memorandum for FY 06 R&D Priorities • Environment • Climate Change Science & Technology • Global Observations • Water Availability and Quality • Hydrogen Economy • Biology of Complex Systems • Physical Sciences • R&D for Homeland Security • Networking & Information Technology • Nanotechnology **Each Agency is required to request a budget that sustains the research important for its mission

  11. NSTC: Coordination of Federal Policy and Interagency R&D • A Cabinet-level council of advisers to the President on Science and Technology • Principal means to coordinate science and technology matters within the Federal research and development enterprise • Means to establish clear national goals for Federal science and technology investments

  12. Committee on Environment & Natural Resources WH: Olsen DOC: Lautenbacher EPA: Gilman Global Change Research Air Quality Research Disaster Reduction Ecosystems Toxics & Risks Water Availability & Quality IWG Earth Observations Legend Informal Under development NSTC Director, OSTP Current NSTCStructureSeptember 2004 Committee on Environment & Natural Resources Committee on Science Committee on Technology Committee on Homeland and National Security WH: Olsen, NSF: Bement, NIH: Zerhouni WH: Russell DOC: Bond WH: Olsen, EPA: Gilman, DOC: Lautenbacher WH: Dale DOD: Wynne DHS: McQueary Research Business Models Education & Workforce Dev. Technology Dev. Large Scale Science Global Change Research National Security R&D Aquaculture Networking & Information Technology Radiological/Nuclear Countermeasures Air Quality Research Human Subjects Research IWG Physics of the Universe Disaster Reduction Nanoscale Science, Eng. & Technology International IWG Plant Genome Ecosystems WMD Medical Countermeasures IWG Dom. Animal Genomics Manufacturing Research and Development Toxics & Risks IWG Prion Research Standards IWG Trans-boarder Samples Water Availability & Quality IWG Multinational Orgs IWG Earth Observations R&D Investment Criteria Research Misconduct Policy Infrastructure Biotechnology Aeronautics IWG on Dioxin Social, Behavioral & Econ. Oceans Health and the Environment

  13. NSTC/CENR Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction Chair: Helen Wood (NOAA) Purpose: facilitate and promote natural and technological disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery through science & technology 2004 Emphases: - Earth observation for disaster prevention - Risk and disaster warning/communication systems and methods

  14. Disaster Reduction • Natural hazards and disasters • Hurricanes • Tornadoes • Floods • Earthquakes • Volcanoes • Wild fires • Droughts • Technological hazards and disasters • Oil spills • Chemical spills • Large-scale industrial accidents or releases

  15. Interagency Working Group on Earth Observations Co-Chairs: Ghassem Asrar, NASA Greg Withee, NOAA Cliff Gabriel, OSTP Purpose: To develop the US 10-year plan in global observations and support the US participation in the intergovernmental global observations working group

  16. A Distributed Global Earth Observation “System of Systems" GEOSS will be a distributed system of systems, building step-by-step on current cooperation efforts among existing observing and processing systems within their mandates, while encouraging and accommodating new components.

  17. Air Quality Research Co-Chairs: Dan Albritton, NOAA Jeffrey Holmstead, EPA Purpose: enhance the effectiveness and productivity of air quality research and to improve the information interface between the research and the policy on this issue. • Particulate Matter Research • Air Toxics

  18. SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY Co-Chairs: Robert Hirsch (USGS) & Lee Mulkey (EPA) Purpose: Science issues and policy related to needed improvements in technology and research that will advance the goal of ensuring a safe and sustainable supply of water in the United States for human and ecological needs. Climate change Demographics Allocation Irrigation Economics Sustainability Security Fishing Swimming Drinking Habitat Recreation Invasive species Biological integrity

  19. WATER AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY

  20. Homeland and National Security • Better communications between levels of government • Federal/state/local • Emergency preparedness and response • First responder techniques and technologies • Improved observational, modeling, and warning capabilities

  21. Examples of FederalAgency Coordination

  22. NASA/NOAA cooperation on hurricane research TRMM measures towering rain structures in hurricane Bonnie NOAA hurricane research aircraft NASA/NASDA/ESA Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission to launch in 2008

  23. http://water.usgs.gov/waterwatch/ • REAL-TIME STREAM CONDITIONS • USGS-NOAA-National Weather Service collaboration • Real-time discharge data and CHANGES in discharge • Allows the monitoring of flow conditions and anticipation of floods

  24. Urban Heat Island and Human Health(heat and air quality) NASA GHCC

  25. Heat Island Reduction Initiative (HIRI)EPA/DOE/NASA • Long term interagency collaboration • Studies by the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories in California suggest mitigation strategies for urban heat island effects could save $5 billion to $10 billion in energy costs annually in the United States. • Reductions in ozone and smog could save another $5 billion.

  26. There are no passengers on spaceship earth. We are all crew. Marshall McLuhan (1911 - 1980) Success is sometimes measured by what doesn’t happen

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