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Path to World War II

Path to World War II. After WWI – a weak peace L of N – no enforcement Kellogg-Briand pact useless US, UK, France, preoccupied Germany, Italy, Japan more hungry for power than peace. The Aggressors. Mussolini invades Ethiopia Denounced by L of N Japan invades Manchuria 1931

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Path to World War II

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  1. Path to World War II • After WWI – a weak peace • L of N – no enforcement • Kellogg-Briand pact useless • US, UK, France, preoccupied • Germany, Italy, Japan more hungry for power than peace

  2. The Aggressors • Mussolini invades Ethiopia • Denounced by L of N • Japan invades Manchuria 1931 • Nanjing “raped” in 1937 • Hitler rebuilds army to 600,000 • Condemned by L of N • Franco’s civil war in Spain

  3. Germany’s Demands • LEBENSRAUM! • Rhineland • DMZ buffer zone near France • Austria • Anschluss proposed by Hitler • Sudetenland • Czech. created as buffer state between Germany & Russia

  4. Hitler Unchecked • Munich Conference • Appeasement • American Isolationism • Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact • Prevents two-front war

  5. “Give a man an inch” • Hitler rolls on • Rest of Czechoslovakia(1938) • Demands Danzig, Poland • UK, France promise support • Hitler invades 9-1-1939

  6. Game On! • Poland falls to Blitzkrieg • 1.5 million soldiers • Tanks, trucks, planes, boats • Polish air force gone in hours! • Whole country gone in weeks

  7. Where are the Allies? • War declared on Germany on 9-3-1939 by UK, France • Allies vs. Axis • No fighting - Phony War • Finland falls in March, 1940 • Denmark, Norway in April • Belgium, Neth., Lux. In May

  8. The Fate of France • Maginot line a bust • Germans go through Belgium • Miracle at Dunkirk • Italy invades from South • Paris must be saved! • So the French just quit • Armistice signed in RR car • Vichy France allowed in South

  9. Britain Alone • Hitler plans air war before sea • Battle of Britain • Radar invented, codes broken • British spirit, piloting skills prove superior, Nazi’s lose • No more to conquer in West, must go East and South

  10. The Eastern Front • Germany, Italy invade Africa • Afrika Korps, the Desert Fox • Hitler finally invades U.S.S.R. • Scorched Earth Policy used • Leningrad besieged, stands Moscow attacked, stands • Hitler refuses to pull back

  11. War in the Pacific • Japan successful since 1931 • Needed additional resources • Hostile to European colonies • U.S. cuts off oil, fears war • Yamamoto fears U.S. Navy • Dec. 7th, 1941 – Pearl Harbor

  12. Japan rolls in Oceania • Interests in Asian land/resource • Seeks G.E.A.C.P.S. • An Asia for Asians • Takes island after island • MacArthur vows “I will return” to Philippines • Est. P.O.W. and death camps

  13. The Allies strike back • U.S. Navy rebuilt by Spring ’42 • Doolittle’s raid on Tokyo • Battle of Midway • Island hopping campaign • Guadalcanal • The island of death

  14. U.S. joins Allies in Europe • Stalin needs relief from Nazi’s • Allies invade N. Africa first • Rommel def. By Montgomery At El Alamein • Allies invade Italy next • Mussolini taken from power • Shot and hanged in Milan

  15. The Second Front • Allies prepare for “Overlord” • 3.5 million troops • Normandy, France • June 6th, 1944 “D-day” • Led by Eisenhower • By August 25th, Paris re-taken

  16. One last push for Germany • Hitler gambled on W. Front attack • “Battle of the Bulge” • Germany repulsed, allies approach Berlin

  17. The End for Hitler • Russians approach from East • U.S., British, French from West • Marries longtime girlfriend • Eva Braun • Swallows poison, shoots self • May 8th, 1945: V-E Day

  18. In the Pacific • MacArthur ret. to Philippines • Jap. Loses many islands • Iwo Jima • Kamikazes as last resort • Next stop: Japan

  19. Truman’s new toy • FDR dies in April of 1945 • V.P. Truman learns of new weapon • Weighs options • Invasion vs. atom bomb • Hiroshima August 6 1945 • Nagasaki August 9 1945 • September 2nd, 1945: V-J Day

  20. Paranoid White Guys • Pearl Harbor Backlash • Anti-Japanese sentiment • E.O. 9066 (1942) • Internment of 112,000 Japanese-Americans • Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944) • U.S. 674-5 (1988) • Apology & $20,000

  21. Finding Hitler’s camps • Anti-Semitism spreads w/Hitler • Nuremburg laws • Kristallnacht • Formation of Ghettos • Emigration for some, Camps built for rest • Hitler’s Final Solution • The Gas Chamber

  22. The War’s Aftermath • 50 million dead • Soldiers & Civilians • Russia lost 10 million • 6 million Jews, others in camps • War Crimes • Nuremberg Trials • Crimes against Humanity

  23. Postwar Europe • Big Three meet at summits • Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt • Yalta, Tehran, Potsdam • Create the United Nations • Replace Gov’s in Germany, Italy, Japan • Divide Germany into zones of occupation

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