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The Wilderness and the Law: Exploring Israelites' Experience and the Significance of the Commandments

This unit delves into the Israelites' journey in the wilderness, the importance of the Ten Commandments, and the religious laws outlined in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Discover the role of Moses as a lawgiver and the influence of covenant, commandment, sacrifice, and sacred space. Explore the significance of the golden calf incident, festivals, kosher laws, justice, and more.

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The Wilderness and the Law: Exploring Israelites' Experience and the Significance of the Commandments

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  1. The Wilderness and the Law Exodus15-40; Leviticus 4, 11, 16, 19, 25; Numbers 11-14, 20, 22-24, 27; Deuteronomy 5-6, 24, 28-34 Unit 2, Chapter 2

  2. Why is it important to have laws for people to follow? Essential Question

  3. Discover the Israelites Experience in the wilderness Understand the significance of the Ten Commandments and the influence of the ideas of covenant, commandment, sacrifice, and sacred space Summarize the large body of religious laws in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. I CAN:

  4. The Wilderness and the Law • Tradition makes Moses the author of the Torah • Leviticus- 2nd book of the Bible that make up the laws for the priests • Numbers- named for two great census taken during the exodus • Deuteronomy- means “second law”, Moses reiterates covenant message before his death

  5. Wilderness and Law Cont. • Laws given on Mt. Sinai are known as the Mosaic Laws*- Laws of the Sinai covenant between God and the Israelites names after their famous leader

  6. Wilderness and Law Cont • Begin to see a pattern form between God and his people • People complain and rebel • Moses intercedes with God • God provides for the people’s needs • God comes up with new rules/commands they must obey and follow • People promise to be faithful, until next time

  7. Exodus 16 • The people complain they are hungry and have no food to eat • God provides them with sustenance known as manna*- food from heaven provided to Israelite during their journey • Loosely translated: “whatchamacallit” or “What is it?”

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-v2b7mDELk 2 min Manna Video

  9. Master of Manna

  10. Moses the Lawgiver • Moses role changes from heroic liberator to political leader and lawgiver • Moses goes up on Mount Sinai*-Site of Moses encounter with God and receipt of the Ten Commandments • When he comes down, his face is glowing with rays of light and must wear a veil when talking with men.

  11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUURj3U70XU 2:20 min Ten Commandments Video

  12. The Ten commandments • Brought down on stone tablets written by the finger of God • Known as: • Decalogue*-Greek for “ten words” or ten Commandments • Ten Commandments*-Core expression of Mosaic Law

  13. The Ten Commandments by Cranach the Elder

  14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTfUcx-LsL8 1:15 min Ten Commandments by Cranach Videos

  15. Ten Commandments Cont. • Among oldest codes established to regulate ethical behavior • They are universal laws, not case-by-case laws • Carry no degree of seriousness of defense • Considered to be an expression of natural law*- the basic moral truths that people of good will can recognize through reason and conscience

  16. Moses Smashing the Commandments by Rembrandt

  17. Moses by Braverman

  18. Sacred Space: The Tabernacle (Exodus 25: 10-22) • The Stone tablets places in the ark of the covenant*- richly decorated chest that held the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments • Placed inside the tabernacle*- Sacred tent set up in a hierarchy of holiness • Within a place known as the holy of holies*- resting place of the ark of the covenant within the tabernacle

  19. Ark of the Covenant by Field

  20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m83JcNoNQ-4 4 min (Indiana Jones) Ark of the covenant Video

  21. The Golden Calf • Moses is delayed from coming off the mountain and the people get anxious • They ask Aaron to make them a god out of gold in the shape of a calf • They begin to worship this calf as god

  22. Adoration of the Golden calf by Poussin

  23. Laws for Living • 5 festivals of Leviticus: • Rosh Hashanah*-Jewish New Year Festival • Yom Kippur*-Jewish day of atonement • Shavuot*- Jewish Feast of Weeks • Sukkoth*- Jewish harvest festival known as Feast of Booths

  24. Laws for Living Cont. • There are now 613 commandments, also known as mitzvot • Every 50 years they would have a jubilee year*- slaves were offered their freedom

  25. Ancient Sacrifice • Sacrifice came from Hebrew word korban, meaning to “draw near” to God • God deserved the best and the person had to be willing to give the best they had

  26. Keeping Kosher • Hebrew word kashrut, means “ritually acceptable” • Divided the world into three things: holy, ordinary, and ritually impure

  27. Doing Justice • The 613 commands help to protect the poor and weak • Only the individual who commits the crime can be punished for it • “Eye for and eye and tooth for a tooth”

  28. Moses Farewell Challenge • Deuteronomy closes the Torah as farewell sermons by Moses • Only Caleb and Joshua would enter the promised land of the generation that left Egypt • Moses could not enter the Promised Land

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