1 / 37

Complementary Feeding

Complementary Feeding. 0-29 %. 30-39 %. 40-49 %. 50 -100 %. Children Under 3 years Who are Underweight (NFHS-3, 2005-2006). Not a change over seven years. Ranking by Children U-3 who are underweight (NFHS-3). Percent. INDIA. 0%. 2%. 4%. 6%. 8%. 10%. 12%. 14%. 16%. 18%.

Download Presentation

Complementary Feeding

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Complementary Feeding

  2. 0-29 % 30-39 % 40-49 % 50 -100 % Children Under 3 years Who are Underweight (NFHS-3, 2005-2006) • Not a change over seven years

  3. Ranking by Children U-3 who are underweight (NFHS-3)

  4. Percent INDIA 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% Breastfeeding Complementary feeding Clean delivery Hib vaccine Clean water, sanitation, hygiene Zinc Vitamin A Intervention Antenatal steroids Newborn temperature management Tetanus toxoid Antibiotics for PRM Measles vaccine Nivirapine and replacement feeding Insecticide-treated materials Antimalarial IPT in pregnancy Source: Jones et al. LANCET 2003;362:65-71 Under-5 deaths preventable through universal coverage with individual preventive interventions

  5. 0-59 % 60-79 % 80-94 % 95-100 % Complementary Feeding, 6-9 months(NFHS-3, 2005-2006) • Shown good change in 7 years, national average almost doubled • Reaching Greens is a challenge

  6. Ranking by Complementary Feeding (NFHS-3)

  7. Optimal Feeding Norms as per National Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding • Starting breastfeeding within one hour of birth • Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months • Introducing appropriate and adequate complementary feeding after 6 months along with Continued breastfeeding for two years or beyond

  8. Definition of Complementary feeding • The process of giving an infant other foods and liquids along with breast milk or non-human milk as breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements. • These foods should complement rather than replace breastmilk.

  9. Appropriate Complementary Feeding • Timely: Introduced when need for energy and nutrients exceeds that provided by BF • Adequate: Should provide sufficient energy, protein, and micronutrients • Properly Fed: Active feeding method and proper frequency according for age • Safe: Should be hygienically prepared, stored and fed

  10. Timing of Complementary Feeding Soon after completing 6 months of age • Breast milk sufficient to promote growth and development till 6 months • Energy and nutrient gap appears after 6 months and widens thereafter • Infant’s development and behavior makes him ready for other foods • Holds objects (e.g. biscuit) and takes everything to mouth • Chewing movements start • Tendency to push solids out decreases • Eruption of teeth and beginning of biting movements

  11. Age of Introduction Energy Needs Excl. Breastfeeding Comp. feeding & continued BF

  12. Timing of Complementary Feeding Disadvantages of adding foods too soon • Decrease the intake of breast milk resulting in a low nutrient diet • Increase risk of illness esp. diarrhea Disadvantages of adding foods too late • Growth and development slows down or stops • Risk of deficiencies and malnutrition

  13. Importance of continued breastfeeding for 2 years and beyond

  14. Why Continue Breastfeeding? • Vital source of energy (30-40%) and nutrients into 2nd yr of life • Key source of • Good quality proteins & essential fatty acids • Micronutrients: • 45% of Vitamin A • 40% of calcium & riboflavin • 95% of Vitamin C • Fluids and nutrients during infection • Associated with greater linear growth • Linked to lower risk of chronic diseases & obesity

  15. Key Message-1 (Timely) • Complementary feeding should begin soon after completing 6 months of age along with continued breastfeeding

  16. Adequacy (Quality) • Staples: Cereals (Rice, wheat, maize, millets) and Legumes • Fats (Vegetable oils/butter/ghee; 1g ~ 9 Kcal) and sugars to improve energy density and taste • Foods of animal origin (Milk, curd, eggs, meat, fish) to provide good quality proteins, vitamin A and calcium. • Vegetables and Fruits to provide micronutrents e.g. iron and vitamins. Supplements e.g. iron might be required.

  17. Other Attributes of Complementary Foods • Right consistency • Soft • Easy to digest • Inexpensive • Locally available • Culturally acceptable • Easily prepared at home

  18. Variety of Foods • Start at 6 mo with small amounts of food; increase quantity with age, maintaining frequent breast feeding • Increase food consistency & variety with age • Can feed mashed & semi-solids (e.g. porridge) at 6 mo; • Can feed finger foods by 8-9 mo • By 12 mo, family foods can be eaten • Combine foods (e.g. rice and legumes) to provide good mixture of amino acids

  19. Foods to Avoid • Tea & coffee: interfere with iron absorption • Aerated beverages: No nutritional value • Too much sugary drinks & Fruit juices: cause decreased appetite for other nutritious foods and also may cause loose stools. • Nuts: may cause choking

  20. Stomach size

  21. Adequacy (Frequency and Amount)6-12 months Give at least one katori (150-200 mL) serving* at a time of • Khichdi or dalia or sooji (semolina) with added oil/ghee • Mashed roti/rice/bread mixed in thick dal or sweeetened undiluted milk • Add cooked/pureed vegetables or meat also in the servings • Sevian/dalia/halwa/kheer/biscuits prepared in milk or any cereal porridge cooked in milk • Mashed boiled/fried potatoes • Mashed banana/cheeko/ mango/ papaya *3 times per day if breastfed; 5 times per day if not breastfed

  22. Frequency and Amount (1-2 yrs) Offer food from the family pot Give at least 1½ katori (250 mL) serving* at a time of: • Mashed roti/rice/bread mixed in thick dal with added ghee/oil or khichri with added oil/ghee. • Add cooked vegetables/meat also in the servings • Mashed roti/ rice /bread/biscuit mixed in sweetened undiluted milk • Egg preparations/ soft meat pieces without bones • - Sevian/dalia/halwa/kheer prepared in milk or any cereal porridge cooked in milk OR • Fruits (banana/cheeko/apple/orange/mango/papaya) * 5 times per day.

  23. Amounts of foods to offer

  24. Ensure Adequacy • Growth Monitoring: Measure weight and length periodically and interpret by plotting in growth curves. • Investigate causes of poor growth: Dietary history; evaluate for any illness. • Counsel mother/caregivers on growth, feeding and caring practices

  25. Key Message-2 (Adequacy) • Complementary foods should be of right consistency, energy dense and the variety to provide all nutrient demands of a growing child.

  26. Feeding Techniques • Feed infants directly & assist older toddlers eat; be sensitive to hunger & satiety cues • Feed patiently; encourage, but don’t force • If child refuses, experiment with different food combinations, tastes, textures • Minimize distractions during meals • Talk to child during feeding; maintain eye contact

  27. Responsive feeding

  28. Suitable Feeding Situation

  29. Key Message-3 (Properly Fed) • Child should be fed patiently giving adequate attention and time

  30. Safe Unhygienic feeding • the risk of infectious illness (esp. diarrhea) compromising nutritional status • Undermines the parents’ confidence leading to delay in CF

  31. Ensuring Food Hygiene • Washing caregiver’s and child’s hands before preparing, handling and eating food • Clean water and raw materials to cook food • Storing foods safely: Keeping food covered and serving shortly after preparation • Use clean utensils to prepare & serve food • Use clean bowls & cups when feeding child • No feeding bottles

  32. Key Message-4 (Safety) • Foods should be prepared, stored and fed hygienically to the children.

  33. Feeding the child who is ill • Encourage the child to drink and to eat - with lots of patience • Feed small amounts frequently • Give foods that the child likes • Give a variety of nutrient-rich foods • Continue to breastfeed

  34. Feeding during Recovery • Feed an extra meal • Give an extra amount • Use extra rich foods • Feed with extra patience • Give extra breastfeeds as often as child wants

  35. Key Message-5 (During Illness) • Continue feeding during illness and increase during convalescence.

  36. Key Messages • Complementary feeding should begin soon after completing 6 months of age along with continued breastfeeding • Complementary foods should be of right consistency, energy dense and the variety to provide all nutrient demands of a growing child. • Child should be fed patiently giving adequate attention and time • Foods should be prepared, stored and fed hygienically to the children. • Continue feeding during illness and increase during convalescence.

  37. Thank You

More Related