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BLOOD

BLOOD. Why do you have blood? Transports dissolved biochemicals & nutrients O 2 , CO 2 , hormones, immune cells, sugar, clotting factors, etc. Stabilizes “interstitial” fluid Distributes heat. Function. Where is Formed Blood (Hematocrit) made in your body?

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BLOOD

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  1. BLOOD

  2. Why do you have blood? • Transports dissolved biochemicals & nutrients • O2, CO2, hormones, immune cells, sugar, clotting factors, etc. • Stabilizes “interstitial” fluid • Distributes heat Function

  3. Where is Formed Blood (Hematocrit) made in your body? • That’s Right!!! - Red Bone Marrow Origin

  4. 7.2 – 8.4 mm • Biconcave discs • No nucleus in order to hold hemoglobin Red Blood Cells

  5. Why do Red Blood Cells have a biconcaved disk shape? • Increases surface area holds more O2 Form & Function

  6. A single round-trip from heart, through all tissues, and back, takes less than one minute! • Short life span - after traveling 700 miles in 120 days, cell membrane ruptures or cell is engulfed. • 3 million new RBC’s enter your circulation each SECOND Red Blood Cells

  7. STRUCTURE • Quaternary shape with 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains of polypeptides. Contains a single molecule of heme - pigment complex that holds an iron ion that interacts with O2 forming Oxyhemoglobin HbO2 • Red pigment which binds & transports O2(and ~10% CO2) Hemoglobin

  8. To bind and transport O2(and CO2) • 280 million Hb molecules in each RBC • Each RBC can carry more than a billion molecules of oxygen • Content in whole blood is measured in grams of Hb per 100 ml of blood (g/dl) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo Function of Hemoglobin (Hb)

  9. Blood Cell Production Negative Feedback Loop Low Oxygen Erythropoietin release (Kidneys & Liver) Increase erythrocyte production Inhibit Erythropoietin release Erythrocyte production normalizes

  10. White Blood Cells • Develop from same hematopoietic stem cell as erythrocytes and thrombocytes • Production influenced by hormones • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDTLC2swhlQ • Travel through circulatory system • Diapediesis: move out of circulatory systemto interstitial tissues • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZtUSyJpW3M • Amoeboid Motion: Self-propulsion of leukocytes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxTYyNEbVU4

  11. Leukocytes 2 Types • Granulocytes • Granular cytoplasm • 2x larger that RBC • ~12 hour life span • Agranulocytes • Typcial immune fuction • Life span of weeks to years

  12. Granulocytes Neutrophils • Fine cytoplasmic granules • Lobed nucleus • 54 – 62% of leukocytes • Phagocytic • Engulf bacteria-sized cells

  13. Granulocytes Eosinophils • Course, uniformly sized cytoplasmic granules • Bilobed nucleus • 1 – 3% of leukocytes • Slightly phagocytic • Drawn to parasites and biochemicals

  14. Granulocytes Basophils • Fewer, irregular cytoplasmic granules • <1% of leukocytes in blood • Granules contain: • Heparin (blood-clot inhibitor) • Histamine (increase blood flow) • Affect allergies??

  15. Agranulocytes Monocytes • Becomes a macrophage • 2 – 3x larger then RBCs • 3 – 9% of leukocytes in blood • Live for weeks or months • Phyagocytic • Engulf very large cells • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEOV-SFTlpY

  16. Agranulocytes Lymphocytes About the same size as RBCs Large, round nucleus 25 – 33% of leukocytes in blood Live for years Function as memory cells Produce anti-bodies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD_uAGPBfQQ

  17. Clinical Connection White Blood Cell Counts Average: 5,000 – 10,000 Leukocytosis: >10,000 = acute infection Leukopenia: <5,000 = flu, measles, chickenpox, AIDS, polio, or many others http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

  18. Fragmented megakaryocytes shrink to become platelets in lung blood vessels. • Responsible for clotting • Release enzymes at the site • Form temporary patch Thrombocytes (Platelets)

  19. Vasospasm • Platelet Plug • Platelets adhere to collagen in capillaries as well as other platelets • Blood Clot • Clotting factors transform fibrinogen into fibrin which sticks to damages blood vessels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HgTRoesu8M&feature=related Hemostasis

  20. Clinical Connection • Thrombus – abnormal clot in a blood vessel • Embolus – clot carried away by blood flow • Why are these dangerous? • Block blood supply to organs • Brain = stroke • Heart = heart attack

  21. Made of 6 main compounds • ~92% Water Plasma

  22. Proteins (~7%) • Maintain pressure • Transport lipids & vitamins • Anitbodies • Blood coagulation Plasma

  23. Gasses (dissolved) • O2, CO2, N2 • Nutrients • Amino acids, lipids, sugars, nucleotides • Electrolytes • Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, CHO3-, PO4-, SO4- Plasma

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