UNFCCC – Workshop on the preparation of the Fourth NC from Annex I Parties Dublin, 30/9-1/10 2004

1. Reporting on RTD and Systematic Observation UNFCCC – Workshop on the preparation of the Fourth NC from Annex I Parties Dublin, 30/9-1/10 2004 Domenico Rossetti di Valdalbero Hartmut Behrend European Commission E-mail: Domenico.Rossetti-di-Valdalbero@cec.eu.int Hartmut.Behrend@cec.eu.int

2. POLICY IMPLICATIONS • EU research on climate change is increasingly policy-driven • Important drivers for policy-related research • Reaching the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC and the EU target under the Kyoto Protocol • International co-operation with other Parties • EU-US research co-operation • Large contribution of EU research to IPCC assessment reports • Close co-operation between European Commission DG, in particular between DG Research and DG Environment • Opportunities for and free and open exchange of data will be highlighted • Action plan for climate change in the context of development co-operation includes research as a key element (to be adopted by the European Council in November)

3. A. GENERAL POLICY ON FUNDING OF RTD AND SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION • Third largest EU policy in budgetary terms • Scientific, technological and socio-economic issues • Sustainable development and GHG reductions as a “leitmotiv” in the various EU RTD priorities • Sixth RTD Framework Programme (FP6), major tool for building the European research Area • EU Lisbon (competitiveness), Gothenburg (SD) and Barcelona (3% of GDP for RTD)

4. FP6€ 17.5 B. FOR RTD Thematic Priorities Budget (MEuro) 1 Genomics and biotechnology for health 2 255 • Advanced genomics and applications for health 1 100 • Combatting major diseases 1 155 2 Information Society technologies 3 625 3 Nanotechnologies and nano-sciences, knowledge-base multifunctional materials, new production processes and devices 1 300 4 Aeronautics and space 1 075 5 Food quality and safety 685 6 Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems 2 120 • Sustainable energy systems 810 • Sustainable surface transports 610 • Global change and ecosystems700 7 Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society 225 8 Specific activities covering a wider field of research 1 300 Total 13 345

5. B. RESEARCH This chapter will be structured according to: • Climate processes and climate system studies • Modelling and prediction, including General Circulation Models • Impact of climate change • Socio-economic analysis, including impact and response options • R&D of mitigation and adaptation technologies RTD projects will be listed and most important results highlighted. This presentation lists the most important RTD initiatives.

6. B. RESEARCHSD, GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS • Sustainable energy systems: clean energy, energy savings, alternative motor fuels, fuel cells, energy carriers/transport/storage • Sustainable surface transport: environmentally friendly transport, safety, interoperability • Global change and ecosystems: GHG emissions, water cycle, biodiversity and ecosystems, natural disasters, land management, climate observation, complementary research, cross-cutting issues

7. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS • Clean energy, in particular renewables • Cost effective supply • Large scale integration • Energy savings and energy efficiency • Eco-buildings • Polygeneration • Alternative motor fuels • Fuel cells, including their applications • New technologies for energy carriers, particularly H2 • New and advanced concepts in renewable energy technologies • Capture and sequestration of CO2 • Socio-economic tools and concepts for energy strategy

8. SUSTAINABLE SURFACE TRANSPORT • New technologies and concepts for all surface transport modes (road, rail and waterborne) • Advanced design and production techniques • Re-balancing and integrating different transport modes • Increasing road, rail and waterborne safety and avoiding traffic congestion

9. GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS • Impact and mechanisms of GHG emissions and atmospheric pollutants on climate, ozone depletion and carbonsinks • Water cycle, including soil-related aspects • Biodiversity and ecosystems • Mechanisms of desertification and natural disasters • Strategies for sustainable land management, including coastalzones, agricultural land and forests • Operational forecasting and modelling including global climaticchange observation systems • Complementary research • Cross-cutting issue: SD concepts and tools

10. GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS – Area 1 • Carbon and nitrogen cycles: sources and sinks • Atmospheric pollutants and their regional impacts • Climate dynamics and variability • Prediction of climate change and its impacts • Stratospheric ozone and climate interactions • Adaptation and mitigation strategies • Environment and health

11. CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES • Models: World and/or EU coverage, Energy, Economy and Environment interactions (POLES, GEM-E3, NEMESIS, MARKAL,…), focused on specific technologies (SAFIRE, GREEN-X for renewables or MURE for energy efficiency,…) • Externalities: Quantification of social and environmental damages (EXTERNE, GREENSENSE, METHODEX, NEEDS,…) • Social acceptability: Eurobarometer, Delphi methods, EASW,…

12. OTHER EU RTD INITIATIVES • Technology platforms for Hydrogen and Photovoltaic (to involve the main stakeholders and to catalyse substantial private investments) • International Cooperation: CSLF, IPHE, JREC • European Growth initiative: Proposal for H2 economy - «Quick-start » project: H2 production and electricity generation, and « hydrogen communities » by 2004-2015 (€ 2.8 B) • GMES: state and evolution of the global environment; support to EC EAP, to civil protection for prevention, monitoring and assessment of natural and man-made hazards, to EC Common Agricultural, Fisheries and Regional development policies, to development and humanitarian aid, EU CFSP

13. OTHER EU RTD INITIATIVES • Nanotechnologies: Horizontal”, “key” or “enabling technology” (10-9 or tens of thousands smaller than a human hair) • Environmental Technologies Action Plan (ETAP): to mobilise all stakeholders and to ensure that the EU takes a leading role in developing and applying ET • Infrastructure: FP6 in Climate: • Environmental reaction chambers, for studying athmospheric processes  • Experts in airborne measurements • Remote sensing, satellites offer relevant information on the environment state and evolution in the world (OASIS) • Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmospheric Research, including two rocket launches (ALOMAR)

14. C. SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION • Member States are in general responsible for systematic observation in their own territory • European Commission is one of the 4 co-chairs of Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) • Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) is the most important contribution of Europe to GEOSS • EU supports close co-ordination between GEOSS and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) • EU Joint Research Centre is the Global Atmospheric Watch regional data Centre on aerosol regional Stations • Member States submit different data sets to the European Commission, like data on air quality

15. CONCLUSIONS • Researchers have a double role to play in the Climate Change issue: to provide the scientific basis and the new clean technologies • Public authorities need to address and to support, for eg. by RTD, the public questions (air pollution, global warming,…) • After the European Research Area, a World Research Area should tackle in a rigorous and scientific way the major global issues • More information about EU RTD and policies: http://www.cordis.lu/en/home.html http://europa.eu.int