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CHINA

CHINA. Case Study Background. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/250px-Map_of_China_%28physical%29_%28small%. http://www.gowallpapers.com/walls.asp?cat=Animals&id=30. http://commons.wikimedia.org/upload/thumb/4/43/250px-Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg. Early history.

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CHINA

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  1. CHINA Case Study Background

  2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/250px-Map_of_China_%28physical%29_%28small%http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/250px-Map_of_China_%28physical%29_%28small%

  3. http://www.gowallpapers.com/walls.asp?cat=Animals&id=30

  4. http://commons.wikimedia.org/upload/thumb/4/43/250px-Great_Wall_of_China.jpeghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/upload/thumb/4/43/250px-Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg

  5. Early history • China has been considered one of the cradles of civilization. • Chinese writing system dates back almost 4000 years. • Had imperial dynastic form of government since 200 years B.C. • Dynastic system overturned in 1911. • Weak republican government till 1949.

  6. http://www.chinatown-online.co.uk/pages/images/culture/history/first4.JPGhttp://www.chinatown-online.co.uk/pages/images/culture/history/first4.JPG

  7. Three main revolutions • 1911: Sun Yat Sen led a revolution against the Manchu dynasty ending 2000 years of dynastic government. • It centered on the Three Principles of the People: "nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood." • The principle of nationalism called for overthrowing the Manchus and ending foreign hegemony over China. • The second principle, democracy, was used to describe Sun's goal of a popularly elected republican form of government.

  8. Three main revolutions • People's livelihood, often referred to as socialism, was aimed at helping the common people through regulation of the ownership of the means of production and land. • 1912: Sun Yat-sen returned to China from the United States. But power in Beijing already had passed to the commander-in-chief of the imperial army, Yuan Shikai. • So Sun resigned and Yuan succeeded him, forming a republican system of government with a premier, a cabinet, a draft constitution, and a plan for parliamentary elections early in 1913.

  9. Three main revolutions • The Kuomintang (KMT)(National People's party) was formed at this time to prepare for the election.

  10. Influence of communism • Yuan Shih-kai weakened the republic, and his death in 1916 left China in poor condition. • 1921: first meeting of communist party in China, led by Mao Zedong • Sun was successful in forming a new government in 1923; but was greatly influenced by Russia, to the extent that he reorganized the Kuomintang on the model of the Soviet Communist party.

  11. Split • On-going battles occurred to rid China of warlords who exerted much control over the people. • Chiang Kai-shek of the KMT was trained by Moscow and when Sun died, he succeeded him in KMT. • Professed to be Sun’s follower, so broke with communist factions in KMT. He started purging communists from the KMT. • By 1928 Chiang had officially united all of China.

  12. Nationalist Era (1928-1937) • Problems with Japanese aggression and corruption within the communist party • In efforts to deal with these things Chiang ignored needed land reform for the peasants • 1928: Mao Zedong started guerilla movements in SE China; formed the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) • Mao believed that the best way to win the conflict was to isolate the cities by gaining control of the countryside and the food supply.

  13. Japanese aggression • Between 1931 and 1932, Japan started invading NE China • Japan occupied Manchuria • Japan attacked Shanghai • 1937-1945: Sino Japanese War • 1934-35: “Long march” by Mao and PLA (1000 km)- to escape the purge by KMT forces • 75% of PLA forces destroyed

  14. Long march (http://www.chinatown-online.co.uk/pages/images/culture/history/first2.JPG)

  15. But: • Communists and KMT manage to come together long enough to oust the Japanese • 1946-1949: civil war resumes. PLA wins over KMT. • Chiang Kai Shek and remaining nationalist forces retreat to Formosa (Taiwan)

  16. Second revolution • 1949: dictator Chiang Kai Shek and the KMT are overthrown in a communist revolution • Leader of revolution was Mao Tse Tung • Mao wanted to develop China into a modern national power to rival the West • He believed it should be done through the destruction of ancient traditions and provincial loyalties, and the elimination of the middle and upper classes of society

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