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MANAGERS’ AND TEACHERS’ BURNOUT ACCORDING TO STEVAN HOBFOLL’S CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES THEORY

IAREP/SABE 2008 ROME. MANAGERS’ AND TEACHERS’ BURNOUT ACCORDING TO STEVAN HOBFOLL’S CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES THEORY. Anna Hełka & Elzbieta Lisowska Warsaw School of Sciences and Humanities. STEVAN HOBFOLL’S C ONSERVATION OF RESOURCES (COR) THEORY. B urnout (Hobfoll, 1988, 1989, 2001)

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MANAGERS’ AND TEACHERS’ BURNOUT ACCORDING TO STEVAN HOBFOLL’S CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES THEORY

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  1. IAREP/SABE 2008 ROME MANAGERS’ AND TEACHERS’ BURNOUT ACCORDING TO STEVAN HOBFOLL’S CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES THEORY Anna Hełka & Elzbieta Lisowska Warsaw School of Sciences and Humanities

  2. STEVAN HOBFOLL’S CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES (COR) THEORY • Burnout(Hobfoll, 1988, 1989, 2001) • process of expenditure, loss and depletion of resources, which develops quite slowly. It occurs when the resources cannot be replenished as cognitive, physical and emotional abilities. • Resources • what is valuable and we obtain, keep, protect and promote. •  resources => • probability of loosing them •  chances of gaining. • The efforts are concentrated more on protecting the resources than on obtaining rewards(Hobfoll, 1998)

  3. MAIN HIPOTHESIS Burnout = drain to the resources. • Trying to fight the stressors by intensive resources investment (Shirom,1989; Ezrahi,1985). • Lack of effects => agitation and frustration, defense (COR). • Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and sense of loss, anxiety and even depression. • Loss of resources lower stressing factor than the lack of anticipated gain from resources investment. According to these assumptions we predict that: • H1: Long-lasting personal resources loss (as cognitive, emotional, physical abilities) and impossibility of immediate replenishment is the fundamental cause of burnout.

  4. OTHER HIPOTHESIS • There are differences between abilities of coping with difficult situations regarding social and economical status between teachers and managers, so we predict: • H2: Teachers experience more resources loss and less gain than the managers. • Gender may be connected with the burnout (e.g.: Malkinson et al., 1997), butthere is lack of empirical evidence for the relationship between gender and resources loss and gain. On the ground of previous results we predict: • H3: Women are more exposed to resources loss and less to gaining resources than men.

  5. PARTICIPANTS • Teachers and managers from different cities in Poland. • From 509 people extracted” • 31 burnout, 31 non-burnout teachers • 27 burnout, 32 non-burnout managers. • Gender*: • Burnout - 47 women, 21 men, • Non-burnout - 40 women and 23 men *Over-representation of women teachers. • 24-55 years old. • 2-32 yearsof work experience.

  6. METHOD AND INSTRUMENTS • Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson 1996): • 22 items on 7-level scale ("never" – "every day") • 3 subscales (aspects of syndrom): • Emotional Exhaustion • Depersonalization • Lowered personal accomplishment satisfaction • TheQuestionnaire of Gain and Loss Self-esteem (Dudek, Koniarek, Gruszczyńska): • 2 parts • Importance of 40 resources on a 5-level scale • Gain and loss of 40 resources on the 5-level scale. • 5 resources group: • hedonistic and vital, spiritual, family, political - economical and power and prestige.

  7. RESULTSBurnout and the resources

  8. RESULTSWorkplace and the resources

  9. RESULTSGender and resources

  10. RESULTSGender and resources 10

  11. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We have confirmed main hipothesis based on Hobfoll’s COR theory: The burnout people's resources loss is much bigger and consequently their gain much smaller than non-burnout people's. The loss of resources is disproportionately more meaningful than gain and leads to burnout. Possessing resources = insurance policy preventing from burnout. 11

  12. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Differences between professions with different social-economical status: The biggest resources loss occurs in secondary school teachers which may be caused by: the specificity of this kind of school (maturing time). The managers had smaller loss and bigger gain in the majority of resource, which may be caused by: trainings and courses preparing for the job, better financial situation, which helps to manage the resources more effectively but also helps to deal with difficult situations. 12

  13. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Gender has a significant role in this context The biggest loss were observed in burnout women The smallest loss were observed in non-burnoutmen Possible explanation: Women take serious responsibilities of combining many social roles, which might be in conflict. 13

  14. Thank you for your kind attention  14

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