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Different Forms of Drugs and Their Actions

Explore the various forms of drugs and how they act on the body. Learn about liquid, solid, and semisolid preparations, as well as transdermal systems and other delivery methods. Understand the actions of drugs and factors that affect their effectiveness.

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Different Forms of Drugs and Their Actions

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  1. UNIT 8 Forms of Drugs and How They Act

  2. Key Terms Form Homogenous Solvent Suspended

  3. Basic Preparations Liquids Solids Semisolids Transdermal system (continues)

  4. Basic Preparations • Ocular therapeutic system • Implantable devices • Fast-dissolving drug delivery system

  5. Liquid Preparations Spirits Fluidextracts Lotions Liniments Sprays Aerosols Emulsions Solutions Suspensions Syrups Elixirs Tinctures

  6. Solid Preparations Capsules Gelcaps Caplets Troches Tablets

  7. Types of Tablets Enteric-coated Buccal Sublingual Layered Discussion Question: Why would an enteric-coated tablet be desirable? • Scored • Chewable • Effervescent • Vaginal

  8. Semisolid Preparations Suppositories Rectal Vaginal Urethral Creams Ointments

  9. Transdermal Systems Patches or discs placed on the skin Consists of four layers Impermeable backing Drug reservoir Membrane to control drug release Adhesive Warning! ALWAYS wear gloves when applying or removing any patch or disc. If it absorbs through the patient’s skin, it will absorb through yours.

  10. Other Delivery Systems Ocular therapeutic system Placed into lower eyelid Used in treatment of glaucoma Implantable devices Implanted below skin Used for chemotherapy and insulin Fast-dissolving drug delivery system (FDD) Medication dissolves rapidly in saliva Used with pediatric, geriatric, bedridden, and developmentally disabled patients

  11. Injectable Routes of Administration Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intradermal Intravenous Intra-articular Discussion Question: Why would an implantable device be chosen over other routes of administration?

  12. Actions of Drugs Drugs are grouped in three ways: Act directly on one or more body tissues Act on invading microorganisms (chemotherapy and antibiotics) Replace body secretions (hormones) (continues)

  13. Actions of Drugs Selective action Stimulants: increase cell activity (e.g., caffeine) Depressants: decrease cell activity (e.g., morphine) (continues)

  14. Actions of Drugs Agonist Has affinity for cell receptor; initiates a drug response Antagonist Blocks action of a substance; does not produce drug effect itself (continues)

  15. Actions of Drugs Local action Directly at site applied Remote action Area other than where given Systemic action Carried throughout body in bloodstream (continues)

  16. Actions of Drugs Specific Works on specific organisms Synergistic Potentiates action of another drug Discussion Question: What types of drugs decrease cell activity?

  17. Factors That Affect Drug Action Absorption Distribution Biotransformation Elimination

  18. Other Actions of Drugs • Side effects • May limit usefulness of drug • Action other than intended action • Adverse reactions • Unfavorable or harmful unintended action • May be reported at 1-800-FDA-1088

  19. Drug Interactions • Potentiates • Increases effect of another drug • Example: Demerol and Phenergan • Diminishes • Decreases effect of another drug • Example: Antibiotics and oral contraceptives

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