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RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). Similar to DNA, except… Sugar is ribose Single stranded Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T). Three types of RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries copies of instructions for making proteins Ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) – makes up ribosomes

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RNA and Protein Synthesis

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  1. RNA and Protein Synthesis

  2. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • Similar to DNA, except… • Sugar is ribose • Single stranded • Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)

  3. Three types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries copies of instructions for making proteins • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – makes up ribosomes • Transfer RNA (tRNA) – transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome according to instructions.

  4. Transcription • The process of copying part of the DNA molecule into a complimentary strand of mRNA. • Occurs in the nucleus • RNA polymerase (the enzyme) binds to DNA in the nucleus and separates the DNA into strands. • RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template for making a strand of mRNA that is released into cytoplasm.

  5. Transcription

  6. Codon • Three consecutive nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid. • Example: UAC AGU CCU GGA

  7. Translation • The process of decoding the message in mRNA to produce a sequence of amino acids in a chain (protein). • Occurs in the cytoplasm • mRNA attaches to ribosome • Each codon allows the proper amino acid to be brought into the ribosome by tRNA. • Amino acids are attached together along the “assembly line” • This continues until a “stop”codon is reached.

  8. Translation of proteins into amino acids

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