1 / 35

Drugs & Their Effects

Drugs & Their Effects. Ms Markowski. Drug Effects & Delivery Methods. Therapeutic: Intended effects = GOOD Non-therap eutic: Unintended effects = S ide Effects 3. 2. 4. 5. Transdermal (skin) Any drug/medicine can be toxic at a certain dose

Download Presentation

Drugs & Their Effects

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Drugs & Their Effects Ms Markowski

  2. Drug Effects & Delivery Methods • Therapeutic: Intended effects = GOOD • Non-therapeutic: Unintended effects = Side Effects • 3. • 2. 4. • 5. Transdermal (skin) • Any drug/medicine can be toxic at a certain dose • *It MATTERS how you put the drug in your body* • Faster it gets in your body => faster the addiction

  3. FYI: Scheduling of Drugs Schedule I: - high potential for abuse - most dangerous crack, marijuana, ecstasy - no accepted medical use in US heroin, GHB, LSD, psilocybin Schedule II: • High potential for abuse • Has current accepted medical use in US with severe restrictions cocaine, morphine, ritalin • Abuse may lead to severe dependence codeine, oxycontin, adderall Schedule III: • Less abuse potential than schedules I and II anabolic steroids, • Has accepted medical use in US testosterone, marinol, • Abuse many lead to moderate dependence hydrocodone Schedule IV: • Low potential for abuse , anti-anxiety drugs like • Has accepted medical use in US Xanax, Valium, Haldol Abuse may lead to limited dependence Schedule V: • Very low potential for abuse - prescriptions not always required Robitussin, Tylenol, Sudafed, Advil, Aleve, Has accepted medical use in US - DOES NOT mean non-lethal ,

  4. Remember your Liver • our “detox” organ • Processes all drugs & alcohol consumed • It does get damaged over time

  5. 6 Classes of Drugs • Stimulants • Depressants • Hallucinogens • Narcotics/Opiates/Prescription Pain drugs • “Club Drugs” • Inhalants

  6. 1. Stimulants • INCREASE Central Nervous system (CNS) • Heart rate &Breathing • Blood pressure & sweating • Anxiety & movement • “feel energetic and awake” • Cocaine/crack • Amphetamines (Adderal/Ritalin/Vyvanse) • Methamphetamines • Nicotine • Caffeine (coffee, soda, tea, chocolate)

  7. More about Cocaine Schedule II: Highly addictive, very abused, restricted medical use Medical Use: Used medically as a numbing agent Effects: Short high(15-30 minutes) • increased heart rate/blood pressure - constricts blood vessels • increased energy/very alert high - wakefulness • decreased appetite • THEN HUGE CRASH! Concerns: • Stimulating effect: dangerous to heart • Changes experience of “pleasure” • Expensive and VERY physically addictive Lacing Issues

  8. More about Methamphetamines • Produced in labs, often in homes • Made of household chemicals and poisons Effects/Problems: More intense high than cocaine • Dental problems - weight loss - violent behavior - psychosis • Paranoia - delusions - meth “bugs” Extremely addictive, very toxic to body due to ingredients Serious withdrawals up to 7 days after last use (meth bugs)

  9. More about Amphetamines: “Speed” • Adderall - Ritalin - Vyvanse • Medical Uses: Narcolepsy, AD/HD • Recreational Uses: stay awake longer, “concentrate” • Concerns/Effects: • Sudden Heart attack, weight loss, sleeplessness, • depression, suicidal thoughts, addiction • Cause a “down/depressed” feeling after use: WANT MORE • AMPHETAMINE PSYCHOSIS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?index=18&feature=PlayList&v=1XIdSvv6eEA&list=PLED44D7A51F65D394

  10. Bath Salts (MDVP) methylenedioxygpyrovalerone What is it? man made powerful Stimulants with hallucinogenic effects, cheaper and stronger than cocaine and “speed”. Concerns:10x more powerful than cocaine or speed and can last for days sometimes hospitalization needed • Panic Attacks / Fits / Delusions -suicidal and homicidal • Sweating - Seizures - Nosebleeds • Severe Paranoia / Psychosis

  11. More on Bath Salts • Marketed as a salt for “taking a bath” • Sold as a powder in small foil packages or jars “If you take the worst parts of meth, cocaine, PCP, LSD, and ecstacy, you get an effect similar to bath salts. • Legal Status: • has put 24 of the main chemicals used • to make bath salts on the Schedule I list, but…there’s over 100 different bath salt chemicals in circulation

  12. 2. Depressants • SLOW DOWN CNS: • Heart rate & Breathing • Blood pressure & body temp • Feel relaxed & sleepy • Examples: • Alcohol • GHB/Rohypnol • Rx Anxiety drugs • Valium, Xanax, Klonipin, Ativan • Sedatives • Haldol and sleeping pills

  13. More on Rohypnol and GHB • Colorless, odorless, tasteless....just like water! • Medical Uses: Sleeping Medicine in foreign countries, NOT U.S. Why is it used as a Date Rape Drug?: • - Muscle relaxation - Decreased heart rate and blood pressure • - Drowsy - Unconscious state • - Amnesia - Disoriented • Onset and Duration of Effects: 20 minutes ------24 hours - Initial side effects similar to ALCOHOL! • Prevention Tactics ----------------------- • Watch your drink / never leave it on a table • Don’t drink something another person gives you! VideoWhat Would You Do

  14. Check out Alcohol ppt 3 reasons that alcohol is dangerous to teen brain: • Brain is still growing in general • alcohol will stunt that growth • Amygdala is swollen • Alcohol feels better and is more addictive to teens • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is still developing • Alcohol interferes directly with the PFC, leading to poorer decision making and risky behaviors

  15. 3. Hallucinogens • Make you SEE, HEAR, FEEL things that are not real; • also can cause paranoia / anxiety • “Flashbacks” years later • Examples: • Marijuana • LSD &PCP • Hashish / salvia • Mushrooms (‘shrooms) • Mescaline (peyote cactus)

  16. All About Marijuana • Cannabis sativaplant • THC (tetra-hydracannabinol) Within 15-30 minutes of smoking marijuana… • rapid heart rate & increased breathing rate - low blood pressure • red eyes & dry mouth (blood expansion due to low b.p.) • increased appetite, "munchies“ • slowed reaction time/decrease in coordination • distorted sense of time, vision, taste (the hallucination!!) • Euphoria or Paranoia • short-term memory loss • Some people experience panic attacks and loss of control • Stays in body for ~30 days as it is stored in fatty tissues

  17. Overtime, smoking marijuana can lead to… • Increasing short-term Memory loss • Learning disabilities/Poor academic achievement • Distraction and loss of attention span • Anxiety and panic attacks • Lowered immune function • Respiratory problems/Lung infections/Cancers • Damage to testes and ovaries (cancer) • Decreased sperm count and quality • Lower sex drive • Impotence • Menstrual cycle changes • AND NOW....it CAN LEAD TO ADDICTION, too (thanks genetic engineering!)

  18. Medical Marijuana Diseases: - Cancer - AIDS -Glaucoma -Multiple Sclerosis -Severe anorexia 3 general benefits • Decrease nausea/vomiting • Increase appetite • Can lessen perception of pain • All states laws are different

  19. Marijuana 101 Schizophrenia vs. Drug Induced Psychosis Study IQ declines • Is it addictive? Read about it here: Notre Dame ~17% of teens who try it become addicted • ~40% of daily users become addicted • - 17% of all rehab admissions • Withdrawal Symptoms:1-3 weeks after last use • Irritability - sleeplessness - aggression • Anxiety - depression - cravings

  20. Marijuana 101 Effects on heart and cardiovascular system? • Significant increase in hr/low bp • 4-8x more likely to have a heart attack • More dangerous if you have a pre-existing condition Effects on the lungs and respiratory system? • Some studies: 60% more cancer-causing than tobacco • No filter: irritating to airway/smoke is held in • -Increased incidence of emphysema/cough/infections • article

  21. History • 1919-1933: Alcohol Prohibition/Marijuana Menace • 1937: Marijuana Tax Act • 1944-60’s: Reports reveal change in effects • 1970: Controlled Substances Act • 1996: First Medical Approval • 1996-2012: More states legalize for medicinal purposes • 2005: Federal law trumps state law upheld • June 2011: Schedule I Debated/Decriminalization • Nov 2012: Colorado and Washington first to legalize

  22. Federal Law: Schedule I (Completely ILLEGAL) State Law: Legal in 18 States and D.C. State Laws Are ALL Different in regard to access: Dispensaries --- “Pot Shops” Home Cultivation Buying from Dealer

  23. K2/Spice: Synthetic Marijuana Marketed as Herbal Incense: Hallucinogen More dangerous than marijuana “couch lock” one effect – an inability to move despite being conscious.  loss of consciousness, paranoia, and occasionally, psychotic episodes,” Synthetic cannabis is a psychoactivedesigner drug derived of natural herbs sprayed with synthetic chemicals 5 of the common chemicals used to make synthetic marijuana became schedule I in march of 2011 but they come up with new drugs (like bath salts) to use Maine has banned many of the chemicals, but not all of them

  24. 4. Narcotics/Opiates/Rx Pain Drugs • Highly addictive, • Relief from SEVERE pain • Nausea & drowsiness • Examples: • Heroin • Examples Rx drugs: • Oxycontin • Vicodin • Hydrocodone • Percocet • Dilaudid • Morphine • Methadone/suboxone

  25. More about Rx Pain Drugs Oxycontin, Hydrocodone, Percocet, Vicodin, Dilaudid ALL OPIATES/NARCOTICS ARE HABIT FORMING!!: Effects: Euphoric, relaxed, drowsy, nausea, vomiting, itching -easily addictive---withdrawals (same as heroin) • Controlled Release: Drugs are coated to provide pain relief over time (12 hrs.) • Recreational Use: • Concern for respiratory depression - Decreased brain function • Mood changes - Confusion - Numbness in arms/legs • Vomiting/Nausea - Slurred Speech - Coma/Death • Will cause withdrawals and Tolerance • Issue in Maine?Pharm Parties

  26. Treatment for Opiate addiction: Methadone (a.k.a. Suboxone) Given Orally(by pill) Has gradual onset, reduces desire for heroin & opiates • Synthetic opiate medication that binds to the same receptors in the brain that heroin binds • Not intoxicating or sedating...can still function

  27. More about Heroin • Schedule I: Very dangerous, no medical use, very addictive, CHEAPER than Rx Drugs with similar effect • Initial Effects: “Euphoric Rush”---feel warm, heavy, cloudy, drowsy • Chronic Use: Tolerance develops quickly, significant withdrawal symptoms when not high; “keep the sick off” • Withdrawals = severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea, • cold flashes, muscle spasms, insomnia • Usually persist for one week after last use

  28. Narcan Rx drug to prevent death from Heroin overdose

  29. 5. Club Drugs • Combinations of hallucinogens & stimulants • Effects: • Sweating, increases in hb, bp • Increased energy & seizures • Delusions & psychosis • Teeth grinding & nosebleeds • Heart attack and death • Examples: • Ecstasy(love drug) hallucinogen & stimulant • Ketamine(cat tranquilizer) hallucinogen & stimulant

  30. Cough Syrup Abuse (with DXM) Hallucinogenic Drug when ABUSED Laws: Some states limit access to age 18+, and/or limit quantities a person can purchase • Effects: Dizzy/Light Headed/Hallucinations • Other Common Effects/Concerns/Issues: • Nauseous/Vomiting • Fatigue • Flashbacks • Insomnia • Permanent Damage to Thinking Skills • Permanent Liver & Brain Damage • Seizures • Death

  31. 6. Inhalants • Not drugs, they are POISON! • Household products that produce a high by breathing them in • Trick brain into thinking it is Oxygen when it is really poison • ANY perceived “high” is really the brain shutting down • Effects: death, dizziness, blackout, trouble with vision and hearing, nausea, headache, memory problems, brain cell death • 39% of inhalant deaths are 1st time users

  32. More about Inhalants / POISON Duration of high = 15 seconds – 2 minutes Concerns: IMMEDIATE death of brain cells Hypoxia: Decrease in the oxygen supply in the bloodstream Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome In The NewsVIDEOVideo 2

  33. STEROIDS • Examples: • Testosterone & androgens • HGH • Effects: • Increase muscle mass • Develop secondary sex characteristics (puberty) of the opposite gender • acne, infertility, liver cancer, sexual dysfunction • Roid rage”

  34. Drug Exam Review • 3 parts of the brain impacted by drugs & functions limbic system, prefrontal cortex & brain stem • Define Tolerance & Addiction • ALL about alcohol & 3 reasons it’s so bad for teens • Effects of the 6 categories of drugs • Why marijuana today is stronger than it was 20 years ago • Brief description & effects of all the specific drugs we talked about (see back of Drug Practice Quiz 1) • Explain how drugs change the brain in 2 ways (neurotransmitters and receptors, leading to tolerance) • Drug delivery methods (fastest to slowest) • 2 reasons why GHB/Rohypnol is used as date rape drug • ½ ounce/hour rule for alcohol and .02 BAC/hour rule (know the math) • Healthy decision making process

  35. FYI: A “Drug Lab”

More Related