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Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices

Chapter 13 Objectives. 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices 13.3 Select laptop components 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop. Chapter 13 Worksheets and Activity.

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Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices

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    1. Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0 Cisco Networking Academy program IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0 Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices Cisco Networking Academy program IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software v4.0 Chapter 13: Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices

    2. Chapter 13 Objectives 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices 13.3 Select laptop components 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop Slide 3 – Chapter 13 Objectives With the increase in demand for mobility, the popularity of laptops and portable devices will continue to grow. Servicing laptops can be very challenging. Mastering the skills necessary to work on laptops is important to career advancement in the fields of PC hardware and software support. Upon completion of this Chapter, students will be able to perform tasks related to: 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices 13.3 Select laptop components 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot laptops Slide 3 – Chapter 13 Objectives With the increase in demand for mobility, the popularity of laptops and portable devices will continue to grow. Servicing laptops can be very challenging. Mastering the skills necessary to work on laptops is important to career advancement in the fields of PC hardware and software support. Upon completion of this Chapter, students will be able to perform tasks related to: 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices 13.3 Select laptop components 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot laptops

    3. Chapter 13 Worksheets and Activity 13.1.5 Activity: Wireless Technologies 13.2 Worksheet: Investigating Repair Centers 13.3.1 Worksheet: Laptop Batteries 13.3.2 Worksheet: Docking Station 13.3.3 Worksheet: DVD Drive Research 13.3.4 Worksheet: Laptop RAM 13.5.3 Worksheet: Verify Work Order Information Slide 4 – Chapter 13 Worksheets and Activity There are six worksheets and one activity included in Chapter 13. These are available at the bottom of associated pages of course content and by clicking on the “Labs” link in the Index window of Chapter 13. Worksheets assignments including research, fill in the blank, answer review questions, and make recommendations. 13.1.5 Activity: Wireless Technologies (Match the wireless technology to the appropriate descriptive phrase.) 13.2 Worksheet: Investigating Repair Centers (Investigate the services provided by a computer repair center. Then answer questions about that repair center.) 13.3.1 Worksheet: Laptop Batteries (Research and record specifications for a laptop battery. Shop around for a manufacturer’s replacement battery and a generic replacement battery. Record findings. Recommend one battery over the other and explain your decision. ) 13.3.2 Worksheet: Docking Station (Research and record specifications for a laptop docking station. Then answer questions about that docking station.) 13.3.3 Worksheet: DVD Drive Research (Shop around for an internal DVD drive and an external DVD drive. Research and record specs. List the advantages of each. Recommend one drive over the other and explain your decision.) 13.3.4 Worksheet: Laptop RAM (Research the manufacturer specs for laptop RAM. Shop around for RAM based on the manufacturer specs. Decide whether you can recommend one RAM over the other and explain your decision.) 13.5.3 Worksheet: Verify Work Order Information (Verify the information gathered by the level-one technician.) Slide 4 – Chapter 13 Worksheets and Activity There are six worksheets and one activity included in Chapter 13. These are available at the bottom of associated pages of course content and by clicking on the “Labs” link in the Index window of Chapter 13. Worksheets assignments including research, fill in the blank, answer review questions, and make recommendations. 13.1.5 Activity: Wireless Technologies (Match the wireless technology to the appropriate descriptive phrase.) 13.2 Worksheet: Investigating Repair Centers (Investigate the services provided by a computer repair center. Then answer questions about that repair center.) 13.3.1 Worksheet: Laptop Batteries (Research and record specifications for a laptop battery. Shop around for a manufacturer’s replacement battery and a generic replacement battery. Record findings. Recommend one battery over the other and explain your decision. ) 13.3.2 Worksheet: Docking Station (Research and record specifications for a laptop docking station. Then answer questions about that docking station.) 13.3.3 Worksheet: DVD Drive Research (Shop around for an internal DVD drive and an external DVD drive. Research and record specs. List the advantages of each. Recommend one drive over the other and explain your decision.) 13.3.4 Worksheet: Laptop RAM (Research the manufacturer specs for laptop RAM. Shop around for RAM based on the manufacturer specs. Decide whether you can recommend one RAM over the other and explain your decision.) 13.5.3 Worksheet: Verify Work Order Information (Verify the information gathered by the level-one technician.)

    4. Introduction Slide 5 - Introduction 13.0 Chapter Introduction With the increase in demand for mobility, the popularity of laptops and portable devices will continue to grow. During the course of your career, you will be expected to know how to configure, repair, and maintain these devices. The knowledge you acquire about desktop computers will help you service laptops and portable devices. However, there are important differences between the two technologies. To facilitate mobility, laptops and portable devices use wireless technologies more than desktops. All laptops use batteries when they are disconnected from a power source. Docking stations are commonly used to connect a laptop to peripheral devices. As a computer technician, you will be required to configure, optimize, and troubleshoot these docking stations and accessories, as well as the laptop or portable device that they accompany. Many laptop components are proprietary, so some manufacturers require that you complete specialized certification training to perform laptop repairs. Servicing laptops can be very challenging. Mastering the skills necessary to work on laptops is important to your career advancement. After completing this chapter, students will meet these objectives: Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices. Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices. Select laptop components. Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops. Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop.Slide 5 - Introduction 13.0 Chapter Introduction With the increase in demand for mobility, the popularity of laptops and portable devices will continue to grow. During the course of your career, you will be expected to know how to configure, repair, and maintain these devices. The knowledge you acquire about desktop computers will help you service laptops and portable devices. However, there are important differences between the two technologies. To facilitate mobility, laptops and portable devices use wireless technologies more than desktops. All laptops use batteries when they are disconnected from a power source. Docking stations are commonly used to connect a laptop to peripheral devices. As a computer technician, you will be required to configure, optimize, and troubleshoot these docking stations and accessories, as well as the laptop or portable device that they accompany. Many laptop components are proprietary, so some manufacturers require that you complete specialized certification training to perform laptop repairs. Servicing laptops can be very challenging. Mastering the skills necessary to work on laptops is important to your career advancement. After completing this chapter, students will meet these objectives: Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices. Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices. Select laptop components. Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops. Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop.

    5. Wireless Communication Methods 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices Bluetooth Infrared Cellular WANs Wi-Fi Satellite Slide 6 – Wireless Communication Methods 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices Wireless devices give people the freedom to work, learn, play, and communicate wherever they want. People using wireless-capable devices do not need to be tied to a physical location to send and receive voice, video, and data communications. As a result, wireless facilities, such as Internet cafes, are opening in many countries. College campuses use wireless networks to allow students to sign up for classes, watch lectures, and submit assignments in areas where physical connections to the network are unavailable. This trend toward wireless communications will continue to grow as more people use wireless devices. Teaching Strategy: Laptops and portable devices can connect to the Internet using various wireless technologies. Each wireless technology has pros and cons for its implementation. Key Points: Wireless access to the Internet enables people to communicate with others and exchange data from many, random, spontaneous locations as opposed to a fixed access point (wired) like a desk or phone booth. Most wireless communications systems communicate using radio waves. Some use light. Wireless card – discuss generically using Windows client. Wireless technologies are less secure than wired technologies. After completing this section, students will meet these objectives: Describe Bluetooth Technology Describe Infrared Technology Describe Cellular WAN Technology Describe Wi-Fi Technology Describe Satellite Technology Slide 6 – Wireless Communication Methods 13.1 Describe wireless communication methods for laptops and portable devices Wireless devices give people the freedom to work, learn, play, and communicate wherever they want. People using wireless-capable devices do not need to be tied to a physical location to send and receive voice, video, and data communications. As a result, wireless facilities, such as Internet cafes, are opening in many countries. College campuses use wireless networks to allow students to sign up for classes, watch lectures, and submit assignments in areas where physical connections to the network are unavailable. This trend toward wireless communications will continue to grow as more people use wireless devices. Teaching Strategy: Laptops and portable devices can connect to the Internet using various wireless technologies. Each wireless technology has pros and cons for its implementation. Key Points: Wireless access to the Internet enables people to communicate with others and exchange data from many, random, spontaneous locations as opposed to a fixed access point (wired) like a desk or phone booth. Most wireless communications systems communicate using radio waves. Some use light. Wireless card – discuss generically using Windows client. Wireless technologies are less secure than wired technologies. After completing this section, students will meet these objectives: Describe Bluetooth Technology Describe Infrared Technology Describe Cellular WAN Technology Describe Wi-Fi Technology Describe Satellite Technology

    6. Bluetooth Technology A short-range wireless technology designed to eliminate the need for cables between portable or fixed-configuration devices. Operates at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. Low power, low cost, and small size. Uses adaptive frequency hopping. Slide 7 – Bluetooth Technology 13.1.1 Describe Bluetooth Technology Bluetooth is a wireless technology that enables devices to communicate over short distances. A Bluetooth device can connect up to seven other Bluetooth devices to create a wireless personal area network (WPAN). This technical specification is described by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.1 standard. Bluetooth devices are capable of handling voice and data and are ideally suited for connecting the following devices: laptops, printers, cameras, PDAs, cell phones, and hands-free headsets. The distance of a Bluetooth personal area network (PAN) is limited by the amount of power used by the devices in the PAN. Bluetooth devices are broken into three classifications. The most common Bluetooth network is Class 2, which has a range of approximately 33 feet (10 m). Bluetooth devices operate in the 2.4 to 2.485 GHz radio frequency range, which is in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This band often does not require a license if approved equipment is used. The Bluetooth standard incorporates adaptive frequency hopping (AFH). AFH allows signals to "hop" around using different frequencies within the Bluetooth range, thereby reducing the chance of interference when multiple Bluetooth devices are present. AFH also allows the device to learn frequencies that are already in use and to choose a different subset of frequencies hopping. Security measures are included in the Bluetooth standard. The first time that a Bluetooth device connects, the device is authenticated using a personal identification number (PIN). Bluetooth supports both 128-bit encryption and PIN authentication. Resources: http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/Basics/ http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html Slide 7 – Bluetooth Technology 13.1.1 Describe Bluetooth Technology Bluetooth is a wireless technology that enables devices to communicate over short distances. A Bluetooth device can connect up to seven other Bluetooth devices to create a wireless personal area network (WPAN). This technical specification is described by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.1 standard. Bluetooth devices are capable of handling voice and data and are ideally suited for connecting the following devices: laptops, printers, cameras, PDAs, cell phones, and hands-free headsets. The distance of a Bluetooth personal area network (PAN) is limited by the amount of power used by the devices in the PAN. Bluetooth devices are broken into three classifications. The most common Bluetooth network is Class 2, which has a range of approximately 33 feet (10 m). Bluetooth devices operate in the 2.4 to 2.485 GHz radio frequency range, which is in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. This band often does not require a license if approved equipment is used. The Bluetooth standard incorporates adaptive frequency hopping (AFH). AFH allows signals to "hop" around using different frequencies within the Bluetooth range, thereby reducing the chance of interference when multiple Bluetooth devices are present. AFH also allows the device to learn frequencies that are already in use and to choose a different subset of frequencies hopping. Security measures are included in the Bluetooth standard. The first time that a Bluetooth device connects, the device is authenticated using a personal identification number (PIN). Bluetooth supports both 128-bit encryption and PIN authentication. Resources: http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/Basics/ http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html

    7. Infrared (IR) Technology Slide 8 - Infrared Technology 13.1.2 Describe Infrared Technology Infrared (IR) wireless technology is a low-power, short-range wireless technology, which uses light waves as a data transmission medium. IR operates at low-power, in a short-range of 1 meter, and with low through-put. IR cannot penetrate any object that blocks the light signal. IR is susceptible to interference and dilution. Scatter IR can connect without line of sight but data transfer rates are lower and distances are shorter. Security concerns are not applicable to IR. There are four types of IR networks: 1) Line of sight – Signal is transmitted only if there is a clear, unobstructed view between devices 2) Scatter - Signal is bounced off ceilings and walls 3) Reflective - Signal is sent to an optical transceiver and is redirected to the receiving device. 4) Broadband optical telepoint - Transmission can handle high-quality multimedia requirements. Infrared networks are ideal for connecting laptops to the following types of devices that are in close proximity: multimedia projector, PDA, printer, remote control, wireless mouse, and wireless keyboard. The setup and configuration of IR devices is quite simple. Many IR devices connect to the USB port on a laptop or desktop computer. Once the computer detects the new device, Windows XP install the appropriate drivers. The installation is similar to setting up a local area network connection. IR is a practical, short-range connection solution, but it has some limitations: IR light cannot penetrate ceilings or walls. IR signals are susceptible to interference and dilution by strong light sources, such as florescent lighting. Scatter IR devices are able to connect without the line of sight, but data transfer rates are lower and distances are shorter. IR distances should be 3 feet (1 m) or less when used for computer communications. Resources: http://www.northoak-training.com/Wireless.htm http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/g/bldef_infrared.htm Slide 8 - Infrared Technology 13.1.2 Describe Infrared Technology Infrared (IR) wireless technology is a low-power, short-range wireless technology, which uses light waves as a data transmission medium. IR operates at low-power, in a short-range of 1 meter, and with low through-put. IR cannot penetrate any object that blocks the light signal. IR is susceptible to interference and dilution. Scatter IR can connect without line of sight but data transfer rates are lower and distances are shorter. Security concerns are not applicable to IR. There are four types of IR networks: 1) Line of sight – Signal is transmitted only if there is a clear, unobstructed view between devices 2) Scatter - Signal is bounced off ceilings and walls 3) Reflective - Signal is sent to an optical transceiver and is redirected to the receiving device. 4) Broadband optical telepoint - Transmission can handle high-quality multimedia requirements. Infrared networks are ideal for connecting laptops to the following types of devices that are in close proximity: multimedia projector, PDA, printer, remote control, wireless mouse, and wireless keyboard. The setup and configuration of IR devices is quite simple. Many IR devices connect to the USB port on a laptop or desktop computer. Once the computer detects the new device, Windows XP install the appropriate drivers. The installation is similar to setting up a local area network connection. IR is a practical, short-range connection solution, but it has some limitations: IR light cannot penetrate ceilings or walls. IR signals are susceptible to interference and dilution by strong light sources, such as florescent lighting. Scatter IR devices are able to connect without the line of sight, but data transfer rates are lower and distances are shorter. IR distances should be 3 feet (1 m) or less when used for computer communications. Resources: http://www.northoak-training.com/Wireless.htm http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/g/bldef_infrared.htm

    8. Cellular WAN Technology Slide 9 – Cellular WAN Technology 13.1.3 Describe Cellular WANs Technology Cellular WAN technology originally only transmitted voice but now is capable of transmitting voice, video, and data simultaneously. Laptops, cell phones, PDAs, and smartphones can connect to a cellular WAN as long as the cellular tower is not more than several miles away. Although slower than DSL and cable connections, cellular WANs are still fast enough to be classified as a high-speed connection. To connect a laptop to a cellular WAN, you should install an adapter that is designed to work with cellular networks. A cellular adapter needs to support some or all of the following: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) – Worldwide cellular network General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) – Data service for users of GSM Quad-band – Allows a cellular phone to operate on all four GSM frequencies: 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz Short Message Service (SMS) – Text messages Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) – Multimedia messages Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) – Provides increased data rates and improved data reliability Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) – Faster download rates Connecting to a cellular WAN is a simple process. Cellular WAN cards are Plug and Play (PnP). These cards plug in to the PC Card slot or are built in to the laptop. Resources: http://www.networkcomputing.com/netdesign/wireless1.html Slide 9 – Cellular WAN Technology 13.1.3 Describe Cellular WANs Technology Cellular WAN technology originally only transmitted voice but now is capable of transmitting voice, video, and data simultaneously. Laptops, cell phones, PDAs, and smartphones can connect to a cellular WAN as long as the cellular tower is not more than several miles away. Although slower than DSL and cable connections, cellular WANs are still fast enough to be classified as a high-speed connection. To connect a laptop to a cellular WAN, you should install an adapter that is designed to work with cellular networks. A cellular adapter needs to support some or all of the following: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) – Worldwide cellular network General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) – Data service for users of GSM Quad-band – Allows a cellular phone to operate on all four GSM frequencies: 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz Short Message Service (SMS) – Text messages Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) – Multimedia messages Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) – Provides increased data rates and improved data reliability Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) – Faster download rates Connecting to a cellular WAN is a simple process. Cellular WAN cards are Plug and Play (PnP). These cards plug in to the PC Card slot or are built in to the laptop. Resources: http://www.networkcomputing.com/netdesign/wireless1.html

    9. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology Slide 10 – Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology 13.1.4 Describe Wi-Fi Technology Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a wireless technology that provides a simple connection to a WLAN from anywhere within the range of a base station. To connect by Wi-Fi to a WLAN, network devices must be in range of the wireless access point. The wireless technology Wi-Fi is based on IEEE 802.11 networking standards and specifications. The number 802.11 denotes a set of standards that are specified in the IEEE 802.11 documentation. The terms 802.11 and Wi-Fi are interchangeable. The 802.11g standard was released in 2003 and is currently the most common Wi-Fi standard. The 802.11n standard was released in draft form in 2006 and may be modified slightly before becoming an official IEEE standard. There are currently four major Wi-Fi, 802.11 standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n (draft standard). The 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n standards use the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The 2.4 GHz frequency band is unregulated and heavily used. For this reason, the 802.11a standard was designed to use the 5.0 GHz frequency band. As a result, 802.11a is not compatible with other 802.11x standards. Security is a major concern for wireless networks. Anyone within the coverage area of a wireless router can potentially gain access to the network. Security features of Wi-Fi include VPNs, WPA (encryption and authentication), and other security settings. Wi-Fi Protected Access standards (WPA, WPA2) are used to secure Wi-Fi networks. WPA uses a sophisticated encryption and authentication technology to protect data flow between Wi-Fi devices. WPA uses a 128-bit encryption key and should be enabled on all wireless devices. WPA was introduced to replace wired equivalent privacy (WEP), which had known security issues. Resources: http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless80211/80211_Wireless_Standards.htm http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html http://www.wi-fi.org Wireless Home Networking Simplified (Cisco Press book) ISBN #1587201615 Slide 10 – Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology 13.1.4 Describe Wi-Fi Technology Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is a wireless technology that provides a simple connection to a WLAN from anywhere within the range of a base station. To connect by Wi-Fi to a WLAN, network devices must be in range of the wireless access point. The wireless technology Wi-Fi is based on IEEE 802.11 networking standards and specifications. The number 802.11 denotes a set of standards that are specified in the IEEE 802.11 documentation. The terms 802.11 and Wi-Fi are interchangeable. The 802.11g standard was released in 2003 and is currently the most common Wi-Fi standard. The 802.11n standard was released in draft form in 2006 and may be modified slightly before becoming an official IEEE standard. There are currently four major Wi-Fi, 802.11 standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n (draft standard). The 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n standards use the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The 2.4 GHz frequency band is unregulated and heavily used. For this reason, the 802.11a standard was designed to use the 5.0 GHz frequency band. As a result, 802.11a is not compatible with other 802.11x standards. Security is a major concern for wireless networks. Anyone within the coverage area of a wireless router can potentially gain access to the network. Security features of Wi-Fi include VPNs, WPA (encryption and authentication), and other security settings. Wi-Fi Protected Access standards (WPA, WPA2) are used to secure Wi-Fi networks. WPA uses a sophisticated encryption and authentication technology to protect data flow between Wi-Fi devices. WPA uses a 128-bit encryption key and should be enabled on all wireless devices. WPA was introduced to replace wired equivalent privacy (WEP), which had known security issues. Resources: http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless80211/80211_Wireless_Standards.htm http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html http://www.wi-fi.org Wireless Home Networking Simplified (Cisco Press book) ISBN #1587201615

    10. Satellite Technology Slide 11 - Satellite Technology 13.1.5 Describe Satellite Technology Satellite technology provides two-way, high-speed Internet access and is ideal where no other broadband access is available. These areas are most likely to be rural and/or remote areas. A satellite provides up to 5,000 channels of communication simultaneously. Satellite offers slower speeds than DSL or cable and has higher initial cost. Obstructions and adverse weather may cause interference to the satellite connection. Satellite Internet connections use two-way data channels. One channel is used for uploading and another for downloading. Both download and upload can be accomplished using a satellite connection. In some cases, a telephone line and modem are used for the upload. Download speeds are typically in the 500 Kbps range, while uploads are around 50 Kbps, making this an asymmetrical connection similar to DSL. Satellite connections are slower than cable or DSL connections but faster than telephone modem connections. Connecting by satellite has some advantages: Two-way, high-speed Internet access, available in rural and remote areas Quick file downloads Satellite dish may be also be used for TV access Proper placement, installation, and configuration of a satellite system are important for the system to work effectively. Even if you point the satellite dish toward the equator where most satellites orbit the Earth, obstructions and adverse weather can still interfere with signal reception. Specific equipment is needed to set up a satellite connection. Resources: http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/satellite/ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question606.htm Student Activity: Wireless Technologies (The student course content includes a matching activity in 13.1.5. To complete this activity, students will match the wireless technology to the appropriate descriptive phrase.) Slide 11 - Satellite Technology 13.1.5 Describe Satellite Technology Satellite technology provides two-way, high-speed Internet access and is ideal where no other broadband access is available. These areas are most likely to be rural and/or remote areas. A satellite provides up to 5,000 channels of communication simultaneously. Satellite offers slower speeds than DSL or cable and has higher initial cost. Obstructions and adverse weather may cause interference to the satellite connection. Satellite Internet connections use two-way data channels. One channel is used for uploading and another for downloading. Both download and upload can be accomplished using a satellite connection. In some cases, a telephone line and modem are used for the upload. Download speeds are typically in the 500 Kbps range, while uploads are around 50 Kbps, making this an asymmetrical connection similar to DSL. Satellite connections are slower than cable or DSL connections but faster than telephone modem connections. Connecting by satellite has some advantages: Two-way, high-speed Internet access, available in rural and remote areas Quick file downloads Satellite dish may be also be used for TV access Proper placement, installation, and configuration of a satellite system are important for the system to work effectively. Even if you point the satellite dish toward the equator where most satellites orbit the Earth, obstructions and adverse weather can still interfere with signal reception. Specific equipment is needed to set up a satellite connection. Resources: http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/satellite/ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question606.htm Student Activity: Wireless Technologies (The student course content includes a matching activity in 13.1.5. To complete this activity, students will match the wireless technology to the appropriate descriptive phrase.)

    11. Wireless Technologies Slide 12 - Wireless Technologies Summary of and comparison of the following: Bluetooth Technology Infrared Technology Cellular WANs Technology Wi-Fi Technology Satellite Technology Slide 12 - Wireless Technologies Summary of and comparison of the following: Bluetooth Technology Infrared Technology Cellular WANs Technology Wi-Fi Technology Satellite Technology

    12. Repairing Laptops and Portable Devices Slide 13 – Repairing Laptops and Portable Devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices Customer Replaceable Units (CRUs) can be replaced by the customer, such as battery, RAM, PC card, adapter, and battery charger. Field Replaceable Units (FRUs) should only be replaced by a qualified field technician. Some examples of FRUs are RAM on a motherboard, internal hard drive, LCD display, and keyboard. There are fewer CRUs and FRUs with laptops than desktops. There are more repair center and manufacturer repairs with laptops than desktops. The experience of the customer determines if the repair will be done by the customer or the field tech. Some repair centers are capable of doing more specialized repairs than others. If a local repair center cannot repair the laptop, it is returned to the manufacturer for the repair. It is important to understand when each of these repairs should be utilized. A technician at a repair center can provide standard service on laptops made by different manufacturers, or a repair center may specialize in a specific brand and be considered an authorized dealer for warranty work and repair. Repair Centers can perform more extensive diagnosis and intricate repair. If no local services are available, the laptop may need to be sent to a regional repair center or to the manufacturer. If the laptop damage is severe or requires specialized software and tools, the manufacturer can decide to replace the laptop instead of attempting a repair. Laptops and devices with smaller form factors may result in more expensive replacement parts. CAUTION: Before attempting to repair a laptop or portable device, check the warranty to see if repairs during the warranty period must be done at an authorized service center to avoid invalidating the warranty. If you repair a laptop yourself, you should always back up the data and disconnect the device from the power source. Common Errors: For FRUs, there may be warranty distance limitations for free repairs. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.2 Investigating Repair Centers. To complete this worksheet, students will investigate services provided by a computer repair center and then answer questions about the results of the research. Slide 13 – Repairing Laptops and Portable Devices 13.2 Describe repairs for laptops and portable devices Customer Replaceable Units (CRUs) can be replaced by the customer, such as battery, RAM, PC card, adapter, and battery charger. Field Replaceable Units (FRUs) should only be replaced by a qualified field technician. Some examples of FRUs are RAM on a motherboard, internal hard drive, LCD display, and keyboard. There are fewer CRUs and FRUs with laptops than desktops. There are more repair center and manufacturer repairs with laptops than desktops. The experience of the customer determines if the repair will be done by the customer or the field tech. Some repair centers are capable of doing more specialized repairs than others. If a local repair center cannot repair the laptop, it is returned to the manufacturer for the repair. It is important to understand when each of these repairs should be utilized. A technician at a repair center can provide standard service on laptops made by different manufacturers, or a repair center may specialize in a specific brand and be considered an authorized dealer for warranty work and repair. Repair Centers can perform more extensive diagnosis and intricate repair. If no local services are available, the laptop may need to be sent to a regional repair center or to the manufacturer. If the laptop damage is severe or requires specialized software and tools, the manufacturer can decide to replace the laptop instead of attempting a repair. Laptops and devices with smaller form factors may result in more expensive replacement parts. CAUTION: Before attempting to repair a laptop or portable device, check the warranty to see if repairs during the warranty period must be done at an authorized service center to avoid invalidating the warranty. If you repair a laptop yourself, you should always back up the data and disconnect the device from the power source. Common Errors: For FRUs, there may be warranty distance limitations for free repairs. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.2 Investigating Repair Centers. To complete this worksheet, students will investigate services provided by a computer repair center and then answer questions about the results of the research.

    13. Selecting Replacement Components Slide 14 – Selecting Replacement Components 13.3 Select laptop components Laptop components need to be replaced if the original parts are damaged, if additional functionality is needed, or if increased performance is needed. You can upgrade a laptop by either adding additional components or replacing the original ones. If you replace components, the new components must fit both physically and electrically. If you add components, you must make sure they are compatible and do not exceed the wattage of the power supply. Components generally fall into two categories: retail packaged or original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Retail packaged components usually come with documentation, a full warranty, cables, mounting hardware, drivers, and software. OEM components are usually sold without packaging. OEM components require the user to locate documentation, software, drivers, and any additional hardware that may be needed. OEM components are usually less expensive and offer a shorter warranty period than similar retail packaged components. Using OEM components can result in substantial savings when upgrades are performed in bulk on many laptops and additional support is not needed. After completing this section, students will meet the following four objectives: Select batteries Select a docking station or port replicator Select storage devices Select additional RAM Slide 14 – Selecting Replacement Components 13.3 Select laptop components Laptop components need to be replaced if the original parts are damaged, if additional functionality is needed, or if increased performance is needed. You can upgrade a laptop by either adding additional components or replacing the original ones. If you replace components, the new components must fit both physically and electrically. If you add components, you must make sure they are compatible and do not exceed the wattage of the power supply. Components generally fall into two categories: retail packaged or original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Retail packaged components usually come with documentation, a full warranty, cables, mounting hardware, drivers, and software. OEM components are usually sold without packaging. OEM components require the user to locate documentation, software, drivers, and any additional hardware that may be needed. OEM components are usually less expensive and offer a shorter warranty period than similar retail packaged components. Using OEM components can result in substantial savings when upgrades are performed in bulk on many laptops and additional support is not needed. After completing this section, students will meet the following four objectives: Select batteries Select a docking station or port replicator Select storage devices Select additional RAM

    14. Selecting Batteries The signs may not always be apparent, but some are obvious: Laptop shuts off immediately when AC power is removed Battery is leaking Battery overheats Battery does not hold a charge Slide 15 – Selecting Replacement Components 13.3.1 Select batteries The laptop battery may need to be replaced if the laptop shuts off immediately when AC power is removed the battery is leaking the battery is overheating the battery will not hold a charge If you experience problems that you suspect are battery related, exchange the battery with a known, good battery that is compatible with the laptop. If a replacement battery cannot be located, take the battery to an authorized repair center for testing. NOTE: Always follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer when charging a new battery. The laptop can be used during an initial charge, but do not unplug the AC adapter. Ni-Cad and NiMH rechargeable batteries should occasionally be discharged completely to remove the charge memory. When the battery is completely discharged, it should then be charged to maximum capacity. CAUTION: Care should always be taken when handling batteries. Batteries can explode if improperly charged, shorted, or mishandled. Be sure that the battery charger is designed for the chemistry, size, and voltage of your battery. Batteries are considered toxic waste, and must be disposed of according to local laws. Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting a replacement battery include that the replacement battery 1) matches the model of the laptop, 2) fits the laptop, 3) is compatible with battery connection, and 4) has correct voltage requirements. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.1 Laptop Batteries. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for a replacement battery for a specified laptop. The student will list the specifications of the battery, shop around for a replacement battery, and then make a recommendation for one battery over another and explain the decision. Slide 15 – Selecting Replacement Components 13.3.1 Select batteries The laptop battery may need to be replaced if the laptop shuts off immediately when AC power is removed the battery is leaking the battery is overheating the battery will not hold a charge If you experience problems that you suspect are battery related, exchange the battery with a known, good battery that is compatible with the laptop. If a replacement battery cannot be located, take the battery to an authorized repair center for testing. NOTE: Always follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer when charging a new battery. The laptop can be used during an initial charge, but do not unplug the AC adapter. Ni-Cad and NiMH rechargeable batteries should occasionally be discharged completely to remove the charge memory. When the battery is completely discharged, it should then be charged to maximum capacity. CAUTION: Care should always be taken when handling batteries. Batteries can explode if improperly charged, shorted, or mishandled. Be sure that the battery charger is designed for the chemistry, size, and voltage of your battery. Batteries are considered toxic waste, and must be disposed of according to local laws. Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting a replacement battery include that the replacement battery 1) matches the model of the laptop, 2) fits the laptop, 3) is compatible with battery connection, and 4) has correct voltage requirements. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.1 Laptop Batteries. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for a replacement battery for a specified laptop. The student will list the specifications of the battery, shop around for a replacement battery, and then make a recommendation for one battery over another and explain the decision.

    15. Select a Docking Station/Port Replicator Increase the number of ports available to a laptop. Convenient to connect the laptop to office network and peripherals. Slide 16 - Select a Docking Station/Port Replicator 13.3.2 Select a docking station or port replicator Docking stations and port replicators increase the number of ports available to a laptop. A port replicator may contain a SCSI port, a networking port, PS/2 ports, USB ports, and a game port. A docking station has the same ports as a port replicator, but adds the ability to connect to PCI cards, additional hard drives, optical drives, and floppy drives. Docking stations make it convenient to connect a laptop to an office network and peripherals. Most laptops can be docked when in use or while shut off. The addition of new devices when docking can be handled by using PnP technology that recognizes and configures the newly added components, or by having a separate hardware profile for the docked and undocked state. Many docking stations and port replicators are proprietary and only work with particular laptops. Before buying a docking station or port replicator, check the laptop documentation, or the website of the manufacturer to determine the appropriate make and model for the laptop. Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting a docking station or port replicator include that it matches the model of the laptop, fits the laptop, and is compatible with docking connection. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.2 Docking Station. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for a docking station for a specified laptop. The student will list the specifications, shop around for a docking station, and then answer questions based on the research. Slide 16 - Select a Docking Station/Port Replicator 13.3.2 Select a docking station or port replicator Docking stations and port replicators increase the number of ports available to a laptop. A port replicator may contain a SCSI port, a networking port, PS/2 ports, USB ports, and a game port. A docking station has the same ports as a port replicator, but adds the ability to connect to PCI cards, additional hard drives, optical drives, and floppy drives. Docking stations make it convenient to connect a laptop to an office network and peripherals. Most laptops can be docked when in use or while shut off. The addition of new devices when docking can be handled by using PnP technology that recognizes and configures the newly added components, or by having a separate hardware profile for the docked and undocked state. Many docking stations and port replicators are proprietary and only work with particular laptops. Before buying a docking station or port replicator, check the laptop documentation, or the website of the manufacturer to determine the appropriate make and model for the laptop. Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting a docking station or port replicator include that it matches the model of the laptop, fits the laptop, and is compatible with docking connection. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.2 Docking Station. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for a docking station for a specified laptop. The student will list the specifications, shop around for a docking station, and then answer questions based on the research.

    16. Select Storage Devices External USB hard drive Firewire hard drive DVD/CD burner Slide 17 - Select Storage Devices 13.3.3 Select storage devices Storage devices are CRUs, unless a warranty requires technical assistance. There are several options when adding, replacing, or upgrading a storage device for a laptop; external USB hard drive, firewire hard drive, or DVD/CD burner. Before purchasing a new internal or external hard drive, check the laptop documentation or the website of the manufacturer for compatibility requirements. Documentation often contains Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) that may be helpful. It is also important to research known laptop component issues on the Internet. Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting a replacement storage device include the following; comparing proprietary drive compatible with laptop model vs. generic external drives, matches the model of the laptop, fits the laptop, and is compatible with laptop drive bay. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.3 DVD Drive Research. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for an internal DVD/RW drive and an external DVD/RW drive for a specified laptop. The student will list the features and cost for each, list the advantages for each, and then make a recommendation for one over the other and explain the decision. Slide 17 - Select Storage Devices 13.3.3 Select storage devices Storage devices are CRUs, unless a warranty requires technical assistance. There are several options when adding, replacing, or upgrading a storage device for a laptop; external USB hard drive, firewire hard drive, or DVD/CD burner. Before purchasing a new internal or external hard drive, check the laptop documentation or the website of the manufacturer for compatibility requirements. Documentation often contains Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) that may be helpful. It is also important to research known laptop component issues on the Internet. Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting a replacement storage device include the following; comparing proprietary drive compatible with laptop model vs. generic external drives, matches the model of the laptop, fits the laptop, and is compatible with laptop drive bay. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.3 DVD Drive Research. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for an internal DVD/RW drive and an external DVD/RW drive for a specified laptop. The student will list the features and cost for each, list the advantages for each, and then make a recommendation for one over the other and explain the decision.

    17. Select Additional RAM Slide 18 - Select Additional RAM 13.3.4 Select additional RAM Additional RAM speeds up the process by decreasing the number of times the operating system reads and writes data to the hard drive swap file. Reading and writing data directly from RAM is faster than using swap files. Also, RAM helps the operating system run multiple applications more efficiently. Most laptops use a small profile memory chip that is called Small Outline DIMM (SODIMM). When replacing or adding memory, determine if the laptop has available slots to add memory, and that the laptop supports the quantity and type of memory to be added. Before purchasing and installing additional RAM, consult the laptop documentation or the website of the manufacturer for form-factor specifications. Use the documentation to find where to install RAM on the laptop. On most laptops, RAM is inserted into slots behind a cover on the underside of the case. However, on some laptops, the keyboard must be removed to access the RAM slots. CAUTION: Before installing RAM, remove the battery and unplug the computer from the electrical outlet to avoid damage related to ESD when you are installing memory modules. To confirm the currently installed amount of RAM, check the POST screen, BIOS, or System Properties window. To confirm the amount of RAM examine the System Properties window: Start > Control Panel > System > General Tab Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting expansion RAM include the following; comparing proprietary RAM compatible with laptop model vs. generic RAM, the RAM must match the model of the laptop, fit the laptop, and be compatible with the laptop RAM slots. Pre-installed RAM may come with RAM already soldered to the motherboard and can't be replaced except by the manufacturer. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.4 Laptop RAM. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for RAM for a specified laptop. The student will list the specifications, shop around, and then answer questions based on the research. Slide 18 - Select Additional RAM 13.3.4 Select additional RAM Additional RAM speeds up the process by decreasing the number of times the operating system reads and writes data to the hard drive swap file. Reading and writing data directly from RAM is faster than using swap files. Also, RAM helps the operating system run multiple applications more efficiently. Most laptops use a small profile memory chip that is called Small Outline DIMM (SODIMM). When replacing or adding memory, determine if the laptop has available slots to add memory, and that the laptop supports the quantity and type of memory to be added. Before purchasing and installing additional RAM, consult the laptop documentation or the website of the manufacturer for form-factor specifications. Use the documentation to find where to install RAM on the laptop. On most laptops, RAM is inserted into slots behind a cover on the underside of the case. However, on some laptops, the keyboard must be removed to access the RAM slots. CAUTION: Before installing RAM, remove the battery and unplug the computer from the electrical outlet to avoid damage related to ESD when you are installing memory modules. To confirm the currently installed amount of RAM, check the POST screen, BIOS, or System Properties window. To confirm the amount of RAM examine the System Properties window: Start > Control Panel > System > General Tab Teaching Strategy: Guidelines for selecting expansion RAM include the following; comparing proprietary RAM compatible with laptop model vs. generic RAM, the RAM must match the model of the laptop, fit the laptop, and be compatible with the laptop RAM slots. Pre-installed RAM may come with RAM already soldered to the motherboard and can't be replaced except by the manufacturer. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.3.4 Laptop RAM. To complete this worksheet, students will conduct research for RAM for a specified laptop. The student will list the specifications, shop around, and then answer questions based on the research.

    18. Laptop Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance should be scheduled at regular intervals to keep laptops running properly. Because laptops are portable, they are more likely to be exposed to harmful materials and situations than desktop computers. Clean the laptop Perform hard drive maintenance Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Update software Slide 19 - Laptop Preventive Maintenance 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops Preventive maintenance should be scheduled at regular intervals to keep laptops running properly. Because laptops are portable, they are more likely to be exposed to harmful materials and situations than desktop computers. Properly managing data files and folders can ensure data integrity when data is transferred between laptops and desktops. After completing this section, students will meet these objectives: Describe how to schedule and perform maintenance for laptops Explain how to manage data version control between desktops and laptops Teaching Strategy: Preventive maintenance will extend the life of the equipment and decrease the chance of failure. Establish file versioning policies to avoid accidentally overwriting data. Slide 19 - Laptop Preventive Maintenance 13.4 Describe preventive maintenance procedures for laptops Preventive maintenance should be scheduled at regular intervals to keep laptops running properly. Because laptops are portable, they are more likely to be exposed to harmful materials and situations than desktop computers. Properly managing data files and folders can ensure data integrity when data is transferred between laptops and desktops. After completing this section, students will meet these objectives: Describe how to schedule and perform maintenance for laptops Explain how to manage data version control between desktops and laptops Teaching Strategy: Preventive maintenance will extend the life of the equipment and decrease the chance of failure. Establish file versioning policies to avoid accidentally overwriting data.

    19. Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter Windows XP has two programs that help clean up the hard drive: Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Slide 20 – Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter 13.4.1 Describe how to schedule and perform maintenance for laptops The preventive maintenance schedule should include these standard procedures; cleaning, hard drive maintenance, and software updates. To keep a laptop clean, be proactive, not reactive. When cleaning a laptop, never use harsh cleaners or solutions that contain ammonia. CAUTION: Before you clean a laptop, disconnect it from all power sources. The hard drive can become disorganized as files are opened, saved, and deleted. The computer can slow down if the operating system is searching through fragmented files. There are two programs that are built into Windows XP that help clean up the hard drive; Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter. NOTE: It may be necessary to close all programs running in the background before running Disk Defragmenter. Teaching Strategy: 1) A laptop should be cleaned at the following times: regular scheduled cleaning as suggested by business policy e.g. clean and inspect monthly anytime the laptop goes in for service when the laptop has been operating in extreme environments 2) A routine OS update schedule for a laptop includes: regular scheduled update anytime the laptop goes in for service 3) Before cleaning the laptop, shut down the laptop, disconnect any attached devices, and disconnect them from their electrical outlets. Follow the appropriate cleaning procedures for laptops. Caution: To avoid damaging the computer or display, do not spray cleaning solution directly on them. Moisten the cleaning cloth. Only use products specifically designed for cleaning LCD displays. Resources: For instructions on how to perform a very thorough cleaning of laptop keyboards, go to http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ For instructions on how to perform a total cleaning of a laptop, go to http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourlaptop/a/cleanlaptop.htm Slide 20 – Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter 13.4.1 Describe how to schedule and perform maintenance for laptops The preventive maintenance schedule should include these standard procedures; cleaning, hard drive maintenance, and software updates. To keep a laptop clean, be proactive, not reactive. When cleaning a laptop, never use harsh cleaners or solutions that contain ammonia. CAUTION: Before you clean a laptop, disconnect it from all power sources. The hard drive can become disorganized as files are opened, saved, and deleted. The computer can slow down if the operating system is searching through fragmented files. There are two programs that are built into Windows XP that help clean up the hard drive; Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter. NOTE: It may be necessary to close all programs running in the background before running Disk Defragmenter. Teaching Strategy: 1) A laptop should be cleaned at the following times: regular scheduled cleaning as suggested by business policy e.g. clean and inspect monthly anytime the laptop goes in for service when the laptop has been operating in extreme environments 2) A routine OS update schedule for a laptop includes: regular scheduled update anytime the laptop goes in for service 3) Before cleaning the laptop, shut down the laptop, disconnect any attached devices, and disconnect them from their electrical outlets. Follow the appropriate cleaning procedures for laptops. Caution: To avoid damaging the computer or display, do not spray cleaning solution directly on them. Moisten the cleaning cloth. Only use products specifically designed for cleaning LCD displays. Resources: For instructions on how to perform a very thorough cleaning of laptop keyboards, go to http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ For instructions on how to perform a total cleaning of a laptop, go to http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourlaptop/a/cleanlaptop.htm

    20. File Management and Version Control Slide 21 – File Management and Version Control 13.4.2 Explain how to manage data version control between desktops and laptops To ensure data integrity, it is critical that data files and folders are properly managed. Restore and recover procedures, as well as backups, are more successful if the data is organized. When moving files from a laptop to a desktop computer, start by creating a similar folder structure in both locations. Files can be transferred over a network, with an optical disc, or with a portable drive. You should be careful that data copied from one computer does not inadvertently overwrite data on the other computer. When you are copying a file to a destination folder, you might encounter a “Confirm File Replacement” message. This message indicates that Windows XP has stopped the copying process until you choose whether to replace or not to replace the original file with the file that is being transferred. If you are unsure, select “No”. To determine which file to keep, compare the dates and file size. You may also open the files to view their content. NOTE: No operating system allows files with the same name to exist in the same folder. CAUTION: Be careful not to unintentionally “cut” a file from its original location when you only meant to “copy” it. Teaching Strategy: Have your customer develop a file naming structure. A file name in a particular folder must be unique. Be cautious when transferring files so not to overwrite a file you wish to keep. Have student use notepad to create a file and save the file using the given file name structure. The file is then opened and updated and saved again as the same file name. When the student tries to retrieve the original content of file, they should see the original content has changed. Slide 21 – File Management and Version Control 13.4.2 Explain how to manage data version control between desktops and laptops To ensure data integrity, it is critical that data files and folders are properly managed. Restore and recover procedures, as well as backups, are more successful if the data is organized. When moving files from a laptop to a desktop computer, start by creating a similar folder structure in both locations. Files can be transferred over a network, with an optical disc, or with a portable drive. You should be careful that data copied from one computer does not inadvertently overwrite data on the other computer. When you are copying a file to a destination folder, you might encounter a “Confirm File Replacement” message. This message indicates that Windows XP has stopped the copying process until you choose whether to replace or not to replace the original file with the file that is being transferred. If you are unsure, select “No”. To determine which file to keep, compare the dates and file size. You may also open the files to view their content. NOTE: No operating system allows files with the same name to exist in the same folder. CAUTION: Be careful not to unintentionally “cut” a file from its original location when you only meant to “copy” it. Teaching Strategy: Have your customer develop a file naming structure. A file name in a particular folder must be unique. Be cautious when transferring files so not to overwrite a file you wish to keep. Have student use notepad to create a file and save the file using the given file name structure. The file is then opened and updated and saved again as the same file name. When the student tries to retrieve the original content of file, they should see the original content has changed.

    21. Troubleshooting Process Slide 22 – Troubleshooting Process 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop The troubleshooting process helps resolve problems with the laptop or peripherals. These problems range from simple, such as updating a drive, to more complex problems, such as installing a CPU. Use the troubleshooting steps as a guideline to help you diagnose and repair problems. After completing this section, students will meet these objectives: Review the troubleshooting process. Identify common problems and solutions. Apply troubleshooting skills Note: In the troubleshooting section of Chapter 6 “Laptops and Portable Devices” the student was asked to learn to use the troubleshooting steps as a level-one technician would. In this section, a level-two technician will be needed to solve the problem. Teaching Strategy: Most of the troubleshooting issues found in desktops also occur in laptops. The procedures will also typically be the same. Slide 22 – Troubleshooting Process 13.5 Describe how to troubleshoot a laptop The troubleshooting process helps resolve problems with the laptop or peripherals. These problems range from simple, such as updating a drive, to more complex problems, such as installing a CPU. Use the troubleshooting steps as a guideline to help you diagnose and repair problems. After completing this section, students will meet these objectives: Review the troubleshooting process. Identify common problems and solutions. Apply troubleshooting skills Note: In the troubleshooting section of Chapter 6 “Laptops and Portable Devices” the student was asked to learn to use the troubleshooting steps as a level-one technician would. In this section, a level-two technician will be needed to solve the problem. Teaching Strategy: Most of the troubleshooting issues found in desktops also occur in laptops. The procedures will also typically be the same.

    22. 1. Gather Data from the Customer Customer information Company name, contact name, address, phone number Laptop information Manufacturer, model, OS, network environment, connection type Description of problem In the scenario outlined in the student course content, the laptop will not boot. Slide 23 - 1. Gather Data from the Customer 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process A level-one technician interviews customers, gathers data regarding problems, and tries quick fixes to resolve the problem. If the quick fixes do not resolve the problem, the problem will be moved to a level-two technician. The level-two technician is usually more experienced with technical problems and relies on the information a level-one technician has gathered from the customer. In the work order, the customer has described the problem as “the laptop will not boot.” The customer has also stated that there were no changes made to the operating system or hardware. Teaching Strategy: The problem is escalated by the level-one technician. Information about the problem is restated and confirmed with the customer or previous technician. Asking opened-ended questions is not advisable at this point because it would require the customer to repeat the problem. Use closed-ended questions to focus in on the source of the problem. Why is it important not to ask the same questions over? How can the same question be asked again without upsetting the customer?Slide 23 - 1. Gather Data from the Customer 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process A level-one technician interviews customers, gathers data regarding problems, and tries quick fixes to resolve the problem. If the quick fixes do not resolve the problem, the problem will be moved to a level-two technician. The level-two technician is usually more experienced with technical problems and relies on the information a level-one technician has gathered from the customer. In the work order, the customer has described the problem as “the laptop will not boot.” The customer has also stated that there were no changes made to the operating system or hardware. Teaching Strategy: The problem is escalated by the level-one technician. Information about the problem is restated and confirmed with the customer or previous technician. Asking opened-ended questions is not advisable at this point because it would require the customer to repeat the problem. Use closed-ended questions to focus in on the source of the problem. Why is it important not to ask the same questions over? How can the same question be asked again without upsetting the customer?

    23. 2. Verify the Obvious Issues Examine the most obvious causes of a problem. Is the laptop plugged in with the AC adapter? Is the battery secure? Is the power switch turned on? Have there been any power outages? Have any cables been unplugged? Are the cables or connectors damaged? Slide 24 – 2. Verify the Obvious Issues 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process When the level-two technician is assigned to the problem, they must ensure that all obvious solutions were tried. The level-one technician has reported that the computer will not boot even when plugged in with the AC adapter. The customer has also checked to see that the battery is secure. Teaching Strategy: Review the work order ticket to ensure all obvious issues have been checked. If any obvious issues were missed you can ask the customer these questions. Take care not to irritate the customer. Remember to communicate at the same knowledge level as the customer. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.5.2 Verify the Obvious Issues. To complete this worksheet, the student will develop creative ways to verify information that the level-one technician has documented in the work order. The student will re-word the level-one technician’s questions (provided) to create a new question or a redirecting question. Slide 24 – 2. Verify the Obvious Issues 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process When the level-two technician is assigned to the problem, they must ensure that all obvious solutions were tried. The level-one technician has reported that the computer will not boot even when plugged in with the AC adapter. The customer has also checked to see that the battery is secure. Teaching Strategy: Review the work order ticket to ensure all obvious issues have been checked. If any obvious issues were missed you can ask the customer these questions. Take care not to irritate the customer. Remember to communicate at the same knowledge level as the customer. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.5.2 Verify the Obvious Issues. To complete this worksheet, the student will develop creative ways to verify information that the level-one technician has documented in the work order. The student will re-word the level-one technician’s questions (provided) to create a new question or a redirecting question.

    24. 3. Try Quick Solutions First A quick solution can save time and money. Replace the AC power adapter with a known good AC power adapter. Remove and reinsert the battery, making sure that it is secure and locked in place. Replace battery with a known good battery. Slide 25 – 3. Try Quick Solutions First 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process The technician should consider the three reasons that may prevent a laptop from booting up: 1) There is no power. 2) A hardware component has failed. 3) The operating system is corrupted. According to the work order, the LEDs do not light up, so the laptop does not appear to be receiving power. There are some possible quick solutions in this case; 1) Replace the AC power adapter with a known good AC power adapter, 2) Remove and reinsert the battery, making sure that it is secure and locked in place and 3) Replace battery with a known good battery. Be sure to document all repair attempts. Another technician should be able to clearly understand the status of the laptop repair. Teaching Strategy: Review the help desk ticket to ensure all quick solutions have been tried. If any quick solutions were missed you can step the customer through these quick solutions. Take care not to irritate the customer by asking them to repeat the same quick solution. Remember to communicate at the same knowledge level as the customer.Slide 25 – 3. Try Quick Solutions First 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process The technician should consider the three reasons that may prevent a laptop from booting up: 1) There is no power. 2) A hardware component has failed. 3) The operating system is corrupted. According to the work order, the LEDs do not light up, so the laptop does not appear to be receiving power. There are some possible quick solutions in this case; 1) Replace the AC power adapter with a known good AC power adapter, 2) Remove and reinsert the battery, making sure that it is secure and locked in place and 3) Replace battery with a known good battery. Be sure to document all repair attempts. Another technician should be able to clearly understand the status of the laptop repair. Teaching Strategy: Review the help desk ticket to ensure all quick solutions have been tried. If any quick solutions were missed you can step the customer through these quick solutions. Take care not to irritate the customer by asking them to repeat the same quick solution. Remember to communicate at the same knowledge level as the customer.

    25. 4. Gather Data from the Computer After connecting the AC adapter to a power outlet and the laptop still does not boot, Remove the battery and start the laptop with just the AC adapter connected to a power outlet. Check the connections inside the laptop case: Reseat the memory module. Remove the hard drive and then reinstall it. Remove any optical drives, such as the CD or DVD drive. Slide 26 – 4. Gather Data from the Computer 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process Teaching Strategy: Review the help desk ticket for information provided by event viewer and other first level tools. If any of the results look contradictory run the test again. If any diagnostic test were missed you can step the customer through these tests. Take care not to irritate the customer by repeating the same tests with out explanation. Remember to communicate at the same knowledge level as the customer. Troubleshooting example: In our scenario, the computer will not boot. Our technician has not been able to try any diagnostic test. To gather data in this situation put a known good battery in the laptop and confirm that it boots normally. Now remove the known good battery and install the old battery. Confirm that it will not boot. Know you have confirmed that the battery was causing the problem.Slide 26 – 4. Gather Data from the Computer 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process Teaching Strategy: Review the help desk ticket for information provided by event viewer and other first level tools. If any of the results look contradictory run the test again. If any diagnostic test were missed you can step the customer through these tests. Take care not to irritate the customer by repeating the same tests with out explanation. Remember to communicate at the same knowledge level as the customer. Troubleshooting example: In our scenario, the computer will not boot. Our technician has not been able to try any diagnostic test. To gather data in this situation put a known good battery in the laptop and confirm that it boots normally. Now remove the known good battery and install the old battery. Confirm that it will not boot. Know you have confirmed that the battery was causing the problem.

    26. 5. Evaluate Problem & Implement Solution Evaluate the information gathered from the customer and from the laptop Determine possible solutions Implement the best solution Note: Try each solution one at a time. If a solution is tried and the problem is not fixed, then the technician should totally reverse the attempted solution before proceeding to the next step. Slide 27 – 5. Evaluate Problem & Implement Solution 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process The technician develops a quick plan to replace the laptop battery with a known good battery. The laptop is turned on and is able to boot up. The laptop is turned off and the AC adapter is attached. The laptop is turned on again and the technician can see that the charging LEDs are functioning. This verifies that the problem was the old battery. The last step in the plan is to reinstall the original battery and try to reproduce the customer complaint. The known good battery is removed and replaced with the original battery. The laptop is turned on again and the laptop does not boot. This verifies the original problem and eliminates any other issues that may have caused the problem. Teaching Strategy: This is an optional step in the troubleshooting process if the problem has already been solved in quick solutions. If the problem still exists additional research must be completed and several solutions proposed. Prioritize the solutions by most likely to succeed and easiest to implement. Try each solution one at a time. If a solution is tried and the problem is not fixed, then the technician should totally reverse the attempted solution before proceeding to the next step. Since a good known battery allowed the computer to boot successfully, a new battery should be ordered for the customer. If this had not been the case further evaluation would be required, such as motherboard issues.Slide 27 – 5. Evaluate Problem & Implement Solution 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process The technician develops a quick plan to replace the laptop battery with a known good battery. The laptop is turned on and is able to boot up. The laptop is turned off and the AC adapter is attached. The laptop is turned on again and the technician can see that the charging LEDs are functioning. This verifies that the problem was the old battery. The last step in the plan is to reinstall the original battery and try to reproduce the customer complaint. The known good battery is removed and replaced with the original battery. The laptop is turned on again and the laptop does not boot. This verifies the original problem and eliminates any other issues that may have caused the problem. Teaching Strategy: This is an optional step in the troubleshooting process if the problem has already been solved in quick solutions. If the problem still exists additional research must be completed and several solutions proposed. Prioritize the solutions by most likely to succeed and easiest to implement. Try each solution one at a time. If a solution is tried and the problem is not fixed, then the technician should totally reverse the attempted solution before proceeding to the next step. Since a good known battery allowed the computer to boot successfully, a new battery should be ordered for the customer. If this had not been the case further evaluation would be required, such as motherboard issues.

    27. 6. Close with the Customer Discuss with customer the solution implemented. Have customer verify problem is solved. Provide all paperwork to customer. Document steps of solution. Document components used in repair. Document time spent to resolve the problem. Slide 28 – 6. Close with the Customer 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process After the repairs to the laptop have been completed, it is important to discuss the results with the customer and complete the documentation. This process will complete the troubleshooting steps and repair process. The completed work order includes the problem solution as follows: The existing battery is three years old. The existing battery does not boot the laptop even when the AC adapter is connected. A known good battery was installed and the laptop booted and passed all POST tests. The old battery appears to have a short in it that is causing the problem. The customer was advised that the old battery will need to be replaced, preferably with a new one. Time to complete repairs: 30 minutes. Teaching Strategy: Verify the solution with the customer (if the customer is available, have them test the solution). Communicate the problem and the solution to the customer (in the documentation and verbally, if possible). Complete the transaction (document the solution, document the time, and invoice, if applicable). Update student’s notebook (for benefit of student as a future resource to use in troubleshooting).Slide 28 – 6. Close with the Customer 13.5.1 Review the troubleshooting process After the repairs to the laptop have been completed, it is important to discuss the results with the customer and complete the documentation. This process will complete the troubleshooting steps and repair process. The completed work order includes the problem solution as follows: The existing battery is three years old. The existing battery does not boot the laptop even when the AC adapter is connected. A known good battery was installed and the laptop booted and passed all POST tests. The old battery appears to have a short in it that is causing the problem. The customer was advised that the old battery will need to be replaced, preferably with a new one. Time to complete repairs: 30 minutes. Teaching Strategy: Verify the solution with the customer (if the customer is available, have them test the solution). Communicate the problem and the solution to the customer (in the documentation and verbally, if possible). Complete the transaction (document the solution, document the time, and invoice, if applicable). Update student’s notebook (for benefit of student as a future resource to use in troubleshooting).

    28. Common Problems and Solutions Slide 29 – Common Problems and Solutions 13.5.2 Identify common problems and solutions Laptop problems can be attributed to hardware, software, networks, or some combination of the three. You will resolve some types of laptop problems more often than others. Other common laptop problems and possible causes to consider: Problem: A laptop user complains that numerous peripheral cables are constantly getting tangled. Possible solution: Provide information to the user about cordless peripherals. Problem: A laptop user is unable to connect to the wireless network. Possible solution: Reconfigure the wireless security on the laptop to connect to the security system used by the network. Problem: The laptop keyboard no longer works. Possible solution: The keyboard is a FRU. Advise the customer to take the laptop to a repair center or return it to the manufacturer. Problem: A user reports that the laptop battery needs recharging more frequently than when it was new. Possible solution: Have the user completely discharge the battery, then fully recharge it. Problem: A user obtains a new laptop and reports that it does not fit in the existing docking station. Possible solution: Docking stations are proprietary. Verify that the user has a compatible model.Slide 29 – Common Problems and Solutions 13.5.2 Identify common problems and solutions Laptop problems can be attributed to hardware, software, networks, or some combination of the three. You will resolve some types of laptop problems more often than others. Other common laptop problems and possible causes to consider: Problem: A laptop user complains that numerous peripheral cables are constantly getting tangled. Possible solution: Provide information to the user about cordless peripherals. Problem: A laptop user is unable to connect to the wireless network. Possible solution: Reconfigure the wireless security on the laptop to connect to the security system used by the network. Problem: The laptop keyboard no longer works. Possible solution: The keyboard is a FRU. Advise the customer to take the laptop to a repair center or return it to the manufacturer. Problem: A user reports that the laptop battery needs recharging more frequently than when it was new. Possible solution: Have the user completely discharge the battery, then fully recharge it. Problem: A user obtains a new laptop and reports that it does not fit in the existing docking station. Possible solution: Docking stations are proprietary. Verify that the user has a compatible model.

    29. Apply Troubleshooting Skills Now that you understand the troubleshooting process, it is time to apply your listening and diagnostic skills. The worksheet is designed to reinforce your communication skills to verify information from the customer. Slide 30 – Apply Troubleshooting Skills 13.5.3 Apply troubleshooting skills Now that you understand the troubleshooting process, it is time to apply your listening and diagnostic skills. The worksheet is designed to reinforce your communication skills to verify information from the customer. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.5.3 Verify Work Order Information. To complete this worksheet, the student will verify information that the level-one tech has documented in the work order. Slide 30 – Apply Troubleshooting Skills 13.5.3 Apply troubleshooting skills Now that you understand the troubleshooting process, it is time to apply your listening and diagnostic skills. The worksheet is designed to reinforce your communication skills to verify information from the customer. Student Activity: The student course content includes the worksheet, 13.5.3 Verify Work Order Information. To complete this worksheet, the student will verify information that the level-one tech has documented in the work order.

    30. Chapter 13 Summary Advanced Laptops and Portable Devices Describe wireless communication methods Describe CRU and FRU repairs Select laptop CRU components Schedule and perform preventive maintenance Troubleshoot laptop issue as a level-two technician Slide 31 – Chapter 13 Summary Some of the important concepts to remember from this module:  Bluetooth creates a small wireless PAN for connected cell phones, printers, and laptops. An IR network uses infrared light to create short-range networks that are primarily used to control input devices and mobile devices. A cellular WAN allows you to use your cell phone and laptop for voice and data communications. The most popular wireless technology is Wi-Fi. There are four major Wi-Fi releases, each with different speed and bandwidth ratings: IEEE 802.11 a, b, g, and n. Satellite networks are faster than modems, but slower than DSL and cable networks. Satellite networks are primarily used in remote locations. A CRU is a component that a user can easily install without technical training. A FRU is a component that a trained service technician may install at a remote location. Most repairs can be done at customers’ sites or at any local repair center. However, there are occasions when a laptop must be sent directly to the manufacturer for repairs. Professional technicians follow preventive maintenance schedules to keep their equipment at optimal performance levels. Laptops are more susceptible to contamination and damage. A well-maintained laptop will reduce repair costs. A docking station allows a laptop to easily connect to peripheral devices similar to those found on desktop computers. A port replicator can be added to a laptop if the user needs more I/O ports. Mastering the steps in troubleshooting laptop problems is considered a career milestone by many technicians. A well-trained technician must possess good customer communications skills. Slide 31 – Chapter 13 Summary Some of the important concepts to remember from this module:  Bluetooth creates a small wireless PAN for connected cell phones, printers, and laptops. An IR network uses infrared light to create short-range networks that are primarily used to control input devices and mobile devices. A cellular WAN allows you to use your cell phone and laptop for voice and data communications. The most popular wireless technology is Wi-Fi. There are four major Wi-Fi releases, each with different speed and bandwidth ratings: IEEE 802.11 a, b, g, and n. Satellite networks are faster than modems, but slower than DSL and cable networks. Satellite networks are primarily used in remote locations. A CRU is a component that a user can easily install without technical training. A FRU is a component that a trained service technician may install at a remote location. Most repairs can be done at customers’ sites or at any local repair center. However, there are occasions when a laptop must be sent directly to the manufacturer for repairs. Professional technicians follow preventive maintenance schedules to keep their equipment at optimal performance levels. Laptops are more susceptible to contamination and damage. A well-maintained laptop will reduce repair costs. A docking station allows a laptop to easily connect to peripheral devices similar to those found on desktop computers. A port replicator can be added to a laptop if the user needs more I/O ports. Mastering the steps in troubleshooting laptop problems is considered a career milestone by many technicians. A well-trained technician must possess good customer communications skills.

    31. Additional Resources Bluetooth Basics http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/Basics/ Wireless Networking Overview http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html Wireless Network Technology http://www.northoak-training.com/Wireless.htm “Infrared” from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/g/bldef_infrared.htm Wide-Area Wireless Computing from Network Computing http://www.networkcomputing.com/netdesign/wireless1.html 802.11 Wireless Standards from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless80211/80211_Wireless_Standards.htm Wi-Fi Alliance http://www.wi-fi.org Satellite Internet Service Information http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/satellite/ Howstuffworks: “How does satellite Internet operate?” http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question606.htm Cleaning laptop keyboards from Computing.Net http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ Cleaning a Laptop Computer from About.com http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourlaptop/a/cleanlaptop.htm Book: Wireless Home Networking Simplified (Cisco Press book) ISBN #1587201615 Slide 35 – Additional Resources Bluetooth Basics http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/Basics/ Wireless Networking Overview http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html Wireless Network Technology http://www.northoak-training.com/Wireless.htm “Infrared” from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/g/bldef_infrared.htm Wide-Area Wireless Computing from Network Computing http://www.networkcomputing.com/netdesign/wireless1.html 802.11 Wireless Standards from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless80211/80211_Wireless_Standards.htm Wi-Fi Alliance http://www.wi-fi.org Satellite Internet Service Information http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/satellite/ Howstuffworks: “How does satellite Internet operate?” http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question606.htm Cleaning laptop keyboards from Computing.Net http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ Cleaning a Laptop Computer from About.com http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourlaptop/a/cleanlaptop.htm Book: Wireless Home Networking Simplified (Cisco Press book) ISBN #1587201615Slide 35 – Additional Resources Bluetooth Basics http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Learn/Basics/ Wireless Networking Overview http://www.escotal.com/wifi.html Wireless Network Technology http://www.northoak-training.com/Wireless.htm “Infrared” from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/g/bldef_infrared.htm Wide-Area Wireless Computing from Network Computing http://www.networkcomputing.com/netdesign/wireless1.html 802.11 Wireless Standards from About.com http://compnetworking.about.com/od/wireless80211/80211_Wireless_Standards.htm Wi-Fi Alliance http://www.wi-fi.org Satellite Internet Service Information http://www.high-speed-internet-access-guide.com/satellite/ Howstuffworks: “How does satellite Internet operate?” http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question606.htm Cleaning laptop keyboards from Computing.Net http://www.computing.net/howto/simple/keyboard/ Cleaning a Laptop Computer from About.com http://mobileoffice.about.com/od/usingyourlaptop/a/cleanlaptop.htm Book: Wireless Home Networking Simplified (Cisco Press book) ISBN #1587201615

    32. Slide 31 – Q and A Slide 31 – Q and A

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