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Monera (Bacteria)

Monera (Bacteria). Monera (Bacteria) – higher level. All monera are prokaryotes (Do not have membrane -bound organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria or chloroplasts). Monera (Bacteria). Basic structure of a Bacterium:. Monera (Bacteria). three main shapes:. Tuberculosis. Chlamydia.

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Monera (Bacteria)

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  1. Monera (Bacteria)

  2. Monera (Bacteria) – higher level • All monera are prokaryotes (Do not have membrane -bound organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria or chloroplasts)

  3. Monera (Bacteria) • Basic structure of a Bacterium:

  4. Monera (Bacteria) • three main shapes:

  5. Tuberculosis

  6. Chlamydia

  7. Do you know.. • What the five kingdoms of living things are? • What are prokaryotes? • Which group are prokaryotes? • The structure of a bacterium? • The three different shapes of bacteria?

  8. Monera (Bacteria) Nutrition in Bacteria Heterotrophic Autotrophic Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Parasitic Saprophytic

  9. Autotrophic Bacteria – Make their own food • Photosynthetic bacteria produce their own food using light as a source of energy e.g. Purple sulfur bacteria • Chemosynthetic bacteria produce their own food using energy gained from breaking down sulfur, nitrogen and iron compounds e.g. Nitrifying bacteria

  10. Heterotrophic Bacteria - take in food made by other organisms. - Parasitic bacteria take in food by feeding on a live host e.g. salmonella bacteria - Saprophytic bacteria take in food by feeding on dead organic matter e.g. psueudomonas.

  11. Monera (Bacteria) Nutrition in Bacteria Heterotrophic Autotrophic Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Parasitic Saprophytic

  12. Purple sulfur bacteria

  13. Nitrifying bacteria

  14. Salmonella

  15. Pseudomonas

  16. Factors affecting the growth of bacteria

  17. Factors affecting the growth of bacteria Temperature – has an important influence on enzyme action. Most grow at temperatures between 20 – 40oC BUT there are exceptions!

  18. Factors affecting the growth of Bacteria 2. Oxygen concentration – Most bacteria die without oxygen because they need it to respire!

  19. Factors affecting the growth of Bacteria 4.Pressure –High pressures because it causes the cell wall to collapse. 3.pH – Has an important influence on enzyme action. Most bacteria survive in pH of 7-8, but some can tolerate higher or lower ranges.

  20. Factors affecting the growth of Bacteria 5. External solute concentration– Bacteria absorb water from their environment by osmosis so most need to live in solutions with a higher concentration of water. Bacteria that live in lower concentration of water may lose water, become dehydrated and die.

  21. What you should learn about in today’s class • Why bacteria make endospores • How bacteria reproduce

  22. Homework • Pg 229 Q15a,b (not part vi) • Learn about reproduction in bacteria

  23. Bacteria forming endospores • Endospores are formed in unfavourable conditions: The cell shrinks, rounds up and forms a thick wall within the original structure When conditions are favourable the spores absorb water, break their walls and reproduce by Binary fission

  24. Bacterial reproduction

  25. Think about it.. • Is it sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction? • Does it happen quickly or slowly? • If a change in DNA happens in one bacteria how would it effect daughter cells? Write out the full sentence answers to these questions under your diagram

  26. Monera (Bacteria) • Reproduction is asexual and occurs by Binary fission • DNA replicates • Cell elongates and pushes the replicated DNA apart • Cell membranes and cell wall grow inwards • Two identical cells are formed.

  27. Mutations in Bacteria • If there is a mutation (change in genetic material) it will be passed on very quickly to a large number of bacteria

  28. What do you know about? • What is an endospore? When is it formed? • Is bacterial reproduction asexual or sexual? • What is this type of reproduction called? • What are the main stages? • What happens if there is a mutation in a bacterium?

  29. Today’s objectives • To learn what antibiotics are

  30. Antibiotics • Some bacteria make antibiotics Def Antibiotics are chemicals made by microorganisms that stop the growth or kill microorganims. Since antibiotics do not harm humans we can use them for our own defence against pathogenic bacteria!

  31. Antibiotic resistance Some bacteria may develop a mutation in a gene and this may give them a way to fight against the antibiotic Any bacteria which do become resistant will have no competitors and will reproduce very quickly!

  32. Antibiotic resistance

  33. Antibiotics can be abused  The overuse of antibiotics causes more antibiotic resistant bacteria to develop This often happens when antibiotics are available without prescriptions or when patients do not finish prescriptions fully!

  34. Do you know.. • What an endospore is? • How reproduction in bacteria happens? • How antibiotics are made? • Why antibiotics are useful? • How resistance to antibiotics is developed in bacteria?

  35. Pathogenic bacteria Def Microorganisms that cause disease are Pathogenic Do you know any pathogenic bacteria?

  36. Negative effects on the Economy Lactobacillus spoil milk which wastes money! E. Coli bacteria and Salmonella can cause food poisoning! (medical care costs!!!)

  37. Positive effects on the Economy Lactobacillus - used to make yogurt and cheese. E.Coli bacteria are genetically engineered and used to make insulin etc

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