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The New England Colonies. Who were the Puritans?. Religious dissidents from England Came from all walks of life. Disagreed with the Anglican Church and wanted to purify it. They felt that there were too many Catholic traditions and ceremonies in the Anglican Church.
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Who were the Puritans? • Religious dissidents from England • Came from all walks of life. • Disagreed with the Anglican Church and wanted to purify it. • They felt that there were too many Catholic traditions and ceremonies in the Anglican Church. • Resented the Catholic-style hierarchy that controlled the church. • The first Puritans were separatists who wanted to start their own churches (Pilgrims).
The First Puritans The Pilgrims
Why Did the Puritans Emigrate? • Disagreements with Anglican Church • Persecution by English Leaders • Dismissal of Puritan ministers • Censorship and destruction of Puritan books. • To escape supervision of Anglican bishops • Desire to worship in their own churches and make their own laws derived from the Bible. • Hoped to inspire others to adopt Puritan reforms by living morally and prospering.
What did the Puritans Believe? • Followed teachings of John Calvin (Calvinists) • Could prepare for God’s saving grace by: • Living moral lives • Praying devoutly • Reading the Bible • Heeding their minister’s sermons • Believed in predestination. • Only a select few had been chosen for salvation by God. • This was manifested by living a good life • Lived by a very strict moral code.
The First Puritans (Pilgrims) • Arrived in Massachusetts aboard the Mayflower in 1620 and founded Plymouth Colony. • Established the Mayflower Compact before their arrival. Its significance: • Agreed on a form of government and adherence to its laws. • This self-government later became a founding principal of the United States. • The Pilgrims co-existed well and traded with native Americans who helped them survive the early years.
The Mayflower Compact (1620) IN The Name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honor of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by thesePresents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. In WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth and of Scotland, the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620 John Carver Edward Tilley Degory Priest William Bradford John Tilley Thomas WilliamsEdward Winslow Francis Cooke Gilbert WinslowWilliam Brewster Thomas Rogers Edmund MargesonIssac Allerton Thomas Tinker Peter Browne Myles Standish John Rigdale Richard BritteridgeJohn Alden Edward Fuller Georoe Soule Samuel Fuller John Turner Richard ClarkeChristopher Martin Francis Eaton Richard GardinerWilliam Mullins James Chilton John Allerton William White John Crackston Thomas English Richard Warren John Billington Edward Dotey John Howland Moses Fletcher Edward LeisterStephen Hopkins John Goodman
The Mayflower Compact (1620) Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience.
The Next Wave of Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony: • As the colony began to prosper larger groups of Puritans began to follow. • In 1630, over 1000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony led by John Winthrop. • Established Boston and began rapid expansion along the northeast coast and inland. For we must consider that we shall be a City upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us… - John Winthrop, 1630
Expansion of the New England Colonies • New England colonies began to develop rapidly in the mid 1600’s due to: • Rapid population growth and new settlement. • Religious dissent within Massachusetts. • Maine -1633 • Rhode Island – 1636 • Connecticut – 1636 • New Hampshire - 1638
Roger Williams Established Rhode Island • Argued that settlers had no right to seize land from the Indians. • Banished from Massachusetts in 1636. • Founded Rhode Island colony with land purchased from the Indians. • Showed tolerance for other religions. • Established the separation of church and state in Rhode Island. • Expanded democracy by allowing all male head-of-households to vote.
Anne Hutchinson • Arrived in Massachusetts in 1634 • Held religious meetings in her home and expressed ideas that were contrary to those of other leaders. • Male leaders of the colony and the clergy felt threatened by her ideas and outspokenness. • Was tried and banished to Rhode Island in 1637. She later moved to New Amsterdam where she was killed in an Indian attack.
The Pilgrims had established good relations with Native Americans and coexisted in peace. Chief Massasoit Wampanoags Conflicts with Native Americans
Conflicts with Native Americans • Later Puritans saw Indians as savages who were lazy and non-progressive. • Settlers and Indians began skirmishing over trade and land rights. • In 1636, the Pequot War broke out.
Conflicts with Native Americans • By 1638 the Pequot nation was nearly exterminated. • After Pequot War the Puritans established Praying Towns where Indians could be “civilized” and become Christians.
Metacom (King Phillip) After the Mayflower King Phillip’s War • Metacom was a Wampanoag Indian born after the arrival of Puritans. He was the son of Massasoit. • Had adopted many of the English customs. • Known by the colonists as “King Phillip”. • Began to distrust the colonists as they expanded into Indian territories and broke trade agreements.
King Phillip’s War (1675) • In 1675 a massive Indian rebellion broke out and numerous towns were attacked and destroyed. • The rebellion became known as King Phillip’s War. • By 1676, the tide had turned and Metacom was killed in battle. Over a thousand colonists and 3000 Indians died in the war. • The Indians lost most of their land and fled to French Canada for refuge. • By 1700 colonists outnumbered the Indians nearly 10 to 1.
The Salem Witch Trials (1692) • When things went badly in the colonies witchcraft was often suspected. • Suspected witches were to be identified, tried and executed. • In 1692, in Salem, Massachusetts several people were accused and tried for witchcraft.
During a one year period 19 suspected witches were executed with little evidence. • Eventually many prominent colonies including the governors wife was accused. • The trials were stopped and prosecution of witches in New England ended. The Salem Witch Trials (1692)
