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French Wars of Religion

French Wars of Religion. 1562-1598. The Setting: Henry II. Henry II. 1559 Henry II is unexpectedly killed when a lance pierced his visor during a joust Francis II - His 15 yr old son takes the throne Under the regency of his mother Queen Catherine de Medici .

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French Wars of Religion

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  1. French Wars of Religion 1562-1598

  2. The Setting: Henry II

  3. Henry II • 1559 Henry II is unexpectedly killed when a lance pierced his visor during a joust • Francis II - His 15 yr old son takes the throne • Under the regency of his mother Queen Catherine de Medici

  4. The Setting: Catherine de Medici

  5. The Setting: “Boy Kings” Francis II 1559-60, (born 1544) Charles IX, 1560-74 (born 1550) Henry III, 1574-89 (born 1551)

  6. The Setting: “Boy Kings” Francis II 1559-60, (born 1544)

  7. Guises vs. Bourbons Lacking a strong King, French politics becomes a power struggle between 2 aristocratic factions: Guise and the Bourbon

  8. Add to the Mix: Religion Huguenots = French Calvinists Guises = Catholic Bourbons = Huguenot

  9. French Nobility takes advantage of this monarchial weakness. • In the second half of 1500’s between 2/5’s and ½ of nobility became Calvinist. • For the upper class religion was an excuse to grab for power.

  10. Powerful Guise Influence The Duke of Guise’s niece, Mary Queen of Scots, marries the young King Francis II.

  11. Wants a Catholic France but not one controlled by the Guises

  12. Dies of an Ear Infection! Francis II 1559-60, (born 1544)

  13. The Setting: “Boy Kings” Charles IX, 1560-74 (born 1550)

  14. Huguenot Influence Grows King Charles IX falls under the influence of Huguenot leader Admiral Coligny, and his sister plans to marry another Huguenot leader, Henri of Navarre.

  15. Coligny: Let’s help the Netherlands! This Huguenot leader wants to support the protestants in the Netherlands. But this support would put France on a crash course with Spain.

  16. Works with the Guises to assassinate Coligny

  17. Coligny survives Catherine convinces Charles that a Huguenot retaliation is imminent

  18. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 24 August 1572

  19. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Wedding of Henry of Navarre to daughter of Catherine de Medici • Admiral Coligny & 3,000 Huguenots slaughtered • 3 days 20,000 Huguenots dead • Significance – reformation is now a struggle to the death for sheer survival against a cruel adversary.

  20. At the popular level the conflict was religious • Catholic Priests and Protestant Pastors encourage violence • Mobs attacked those of other religion • Calvinists destroy Catholic statues in churches • Catholics torture Huguenots • You don’t slaughter for a King

  21. War of the Three Henrys Henry of Guise Henry III Henry of Navarre

  22. Catholic League rules Paris • King Henry III tries to destroy the league with a surprise attack but fails in 1588 • Henry III assassinates Henry of Guise

  23. Assassination of Henri of Guise

  24. Henri of Navarre becomes Henri IV, the politique

  25. “Paris is worth a Mass.” Peter Paul Rubens, Triumphal Entry of Henri IV into Paris

  26. Edict of Nantes, 1598

  27. Edict of Nantes, 1598 • Gave the well over 1 million Huguenots • Freedom of public worship • The right of assembly • Admission to public offices and universities • Permission to maintain fortified towns • Significance – created a state within a state. This problem would not be solved until Louis XIV

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