1 / 27

Injury Prevention Related to Pitching

Injury Prevention Related to Pitching. E. David Osinski M.A. Glenn S. Fleisig, Ph.D. Biomechanics of Pitching. Adult pitchers (college & pro) ASMI 18 studies published in last ten years All levels (youth thru pro)

gannon
Download Presentation

Injury Prevention Related to Pitching

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Injury Prevention Related to Pitching E. David Osinski M.A. Glenn S. Fleisig, Ph.D.

  2. Biomechanics of Pitching • Adult pitchers (college & pro) • ASMI 18 studies published in last ten years • All levels (youth thru pro) • Kinematic (angular displacements and velocities) and kinetic (forces & torques) comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. (Fleisig et al, J Biomechanics, 1999)

  3. Results - Position (°)

  4. Results - Force (Newtons) Significant relationship between kinetic forces at shoulder & elbow joints for variables for pitching mechanics for youth through professional pitchers.

  5. Results - Force (%Weight) Significant relationship between forces at shoulder & elbow joints for pitching mechanics variables when adjusted for physical differences.

  6. Wind Up Commencement Movements

  7. High School Stride Foot Contact Pelvis = 25° open Upper Torso = 20° closed Shoulder: Abduction = 90° Rotation = 65° Elbow: Flexion = 80°

  8. High School Arm Cocking Max. Rotation Shoulder: Rotation = 175° Elbow: Flexion = 100°

  9. High School Arm Cocking Shoulder: Anterior Force=290N IR Torque = 51 Nm Elbow: Varus Torque=48Nm (Weight = 740 N = 170 lb)

  10. High School Arm Acceleration Arm Acceleration Elbow: Extension = 2200°/s Shoulder: Rotation = 6800°/s

  11. High School Arm Acceleration Shoulder: Proximal Force = 750 N Elbow: Proximal Force = 630 N (Weight = 740 N = 170 lb)

  12. Deceleration & Follow-Through

  13. Pathomechanics

  14. PHYSEAL INJURYLittle Leaguer’s Shoulder • First by Dotter described in 1953 • Described in literature as • osteochondrosis of the proximal humeral epiphysis • proximal humeral epiphyseolysis • stress fracture of proximal humeral epiphyseal plate • rotational stress fracture

  15. Adolescent Pitcher Shoulder Injury • Typically males, 12 - 15 years of age • 14 y/o more prone due to rapid growth and more skilled • Average duration of symptoms before treatment is approximately 7 months • Associated with quantity and intensity of pitching, age at which pitching started, use of curveball

  16. PHYSEAL INJURYLittle Leaguer’s Shoulder

  17. Elbow - Anatomy/Mechanics • Anterior Band of UCL (main valgus stabilizer) attaches to the medial epicondyle apophysis

  18. Elbow - Anatomy/Mechanics • Increased bone plasticity • Hyperelasticity permits excessive joint translation

  19. Elbow Injuries Skeletally immature athletes are susceptible to unique injuries secondary to: • Relatively weak growth plates (physes) • Ligamentous laxity • Inadequate dynamic strength / stability to resist high biomechanical forces

  20. Medial Epicondyle Apophysitis / Avulsion • Most common injury seen in the adolescent throwing athlete • Caused by acute valgus overload • X-rays may appear normal

  21. 1996 Survey (USA Baseball News, 1996) • Survey forUSA Baseball • 28 Orthop. Surgeons & Baseball Coaches • number of pitches more important than innings • Increase pitch count limits with age Examples: 8-10: 50 pitches. 17-18: 90 pitches • Start using pitches at different ages • Fastball (8), Change (10), Curve (14), Slider (16)

  22. 1997-98 Study (Med Sci Sport Exerc, 2001) • 200 pitchers each Spring (300 total subjects) • 8-12 years old pitchers in Birmingham • 50% of pitchers had elbow/shoulder pain during study • Increased pitches  Increased pain risk • 75 pitches/game recommended limit • 600 pitches/season recommended limit

  23. 1999 Study (Am J Sports Med, 2002) • Funded byUSA Baseball • 500 pitchers in Spring • 9-14 years old pitchers throughout Alabama • Increased pitches  Increased pain risk • 75 pitches/game recommended limit (15 batters) • 600 pitches/season recommended limit (120 batters) • No relation found between mechanics - pain risk • Curveballs/Sliders  Increased pain risk

  24. Conclusions - Mechanics • Successful youth and adult pitchers use similar kinematics. • Relationship between poor mechanics and risk of injury unproven

  25. Conclusions - Pitch Quantity • Correlation between pitch count and pain in youth pitchers • College/Pros use pitch counts to protect pitchers. Youth pitchers should do as well.

  26. Conclusions - Pitch Quantity USA Baseball Medical Committee Recommendations 2003 Age Workload Limit in Pitches Game Week Season Year 9-10 50 75 1000 1000 11-12 75 100 1000 3000 13-14 75 125 1000 3000

  27. American Baseball Foundation Thank you ABF BASIC Program at Rickwood Field

More Related