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Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department Surveying II ECIV 2332 By B elal A lmassri

Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department Surveying II ECIV 2332 By B elal A lmassri. Chapter 9 Route Surveying – Part 1 . Definitions. Horizontal and Vertical alignment. Types of Horizontal Curves . Simple Circular curve geometry. Terminology and Formulas.

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Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department Surveying II ECIV 2332 By B elal A lmassri

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  1. Islamic University of GazaCivil Engineering DepartmentSurveying IIECIV 2332ByBelalAlmassri

  2. Chapter 9 Route Surveying – Part 1 Definitions. Horizontal and Vertical alignment. Types of Horizontal Curves. Simple Circular curve geometry. Terminology and Formulas.

  3. Route Surveying • Route Surveying is the branch of surveying that performs the survey works (mapping and setting out) of routes (highways, railways..etc). • Route surveying is comprised of all survey operations required for design and construction of engineering works such as highways, pipelines, canals, or railroads. • Design of Routes includes: • Horizontal Alignment. • Vertical Alignment.

  4. Horizontal Alignment: consists of straight lines (tangents) and horizontal curves. • Vertical Alignment: consists of straight lines (gradients) and vertical curves. • Types of Horizontal Curves: • A. Circular Curves: • 1. Simple Circular • 2. Compound Circular. • 3. Reverse Circular. • 4. Spiral Circular. • 5. Broken Back Circular.

  5. Broken Back

  6. Notes on the Circular Curves: • The broken back type is being used inside the town on the other hand the reversed type is being used outside the town. • In the broken back type, if the distance between A and B is greater than 30 meters then each one of them is called simple. • For safety reasons the reversed type should be avoided as possible.

  7. B. Transitional Curves: • A mathematically calculated curve on a section of highway, or railroad track, where a straight section changes into a curve. It is designed to prevent sudden changes in centripetal force. • F = mv²/r F: centripetal force. m, v: mass and velocity. r: radius. It start with radius equals infinity (straight line) so the F value will be zero and then the r is going smaller and smaller.

  8. Simple Horizontal Circular Curve Geometry

  9. R, RADIUS: The radius of the circle where the  radius  is always perpendicular  to  back  and  forward tangents. PC, POINT OF CURVATURE: The point of curvature is the point on the back tangent where the circular  curve  begins. PT,POINT   OF   TANGENCY: is the  point  on  the  forward  tangent where  the  curve  ends.

  10. PI, POINT OF INTERSECTION: The intersection of the back and forward tangents. L, LENGTH OF CURVE: The length of curve is the distance from the PC to the PT, measured along the curve. T, TANGENT DISTANCE: The tangent distance is the distance along the tangents from the  PI to the PC or the PT.  E, EXTERNAL DISTANCE: The distance between the PI to the mid of the curve.

  11. LC,LONG   CHORD:  The   long   chord   is the straight-line  distance  from  the  PC to the PT. Δ, CENTRAL ANGLE: The angle between two radii of circle. M, MIDDLE COORDINATE: The distance from the midpoint of the curve to the midpoint of the long chord.

  12. - All of the formulas in terms of R and Δ , where R is known and Δ can be measured from the field.

  13. Quiz

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