1 / 23

Micronutrient Malnutrition

Micronutrient Malnutrition. Ismail Cakmak Sabanci University, Istanbul. Some Major World Risk Factors Causing Deaths. Risk Factor. Number of Deaths x1000. Malnutrition accounts of ≈ 30 million deaths per year ( ≈ 1 death per second) (WHO estimate).

garin
Download Presentation

Micronutrient Malnutrition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Micronutrient Malnutrition Ismail Cakmak Sabanci University, Istanbul

  2. Some Major World Risk Factors Causing Deaths Risk Factor Number of Deaths x1000 Malnutrition accounts of ≈ 30 million deaths per year(≈ 1 death per second) (WHO estimate)

  3. Leading 10 Risk Factors in Developing Countries% Cause of Disease Burden(WHO, 2002) WHO, 2002

  4. Copenhagen Consensus-2004 Worldwide Panel of Distinguished Economists including Nobel Prize-Winners Top Four Global Challenges 1- Control of HIV/AIDS 2- Providing adequate amount of micronutrients (Fe, Zn..) to human populations 3- Trade Liberalization 4- Control of Malaria Source:: http://www.copenhagenconsensus.com

  5. Nearly the half of world population affected from micronutrient deficiencies Welch and Graham, 1999; Field Crops Res

  6. High Moderate Low Not sufficient data available Zinc deficiency: global nutritional problem in human beings Zinc deficiency Courtesy of Dr. J.Veenemans Wageningen University

  7. Zinc and Iron deficiencies affect a range of functions: • Immunity • Growth • Lower work productivity • Higher morbidity/mortality • Lower cognitive ability • Brain development • Reproduction

  8. Reason:High consumption of cereal based foods with low Zn and Fe content

  9. Cereals have inherently low concentrations of Zn and Fe in grain, particularly when grown on micronutrient-deficient soils Currently, nearly 50 % of the global cereal growing regions are on soils having low levels of available soil Zn

  10. Zinc Deficiency is also Global Micronutrient Deficiency in Soils (Alloway, 2004, In: Zinc in soils and Crop Nutrition. IZA Publications, Brussels)

  11. Estimation: For a better Zn or Fe nutrition of human beings, cereal grains should contain around 40-60 mg kg-1 Znor Fe Current Situation: 10-30 mg kg-1

  12. Global Challenge: Improve Zn and Fe Density in Food Crops

  13. Solutions to Zinc and Fe Deficienciesin Human Beings • Supplementation • Food Fortification (Expensive approaches)

  14. Agricultural Strategies - Breeding: Genetic Biofortification - Fertilizers: Agronomic Biofortification

  15. HarvestPlus Biofortification Challenge Program Main Sponsors: Gates Foundation and World Bank Breeding new cereal cultivars with high micronutrient content in cereal grains

  16. Quick Solution to Problem: Application of Zn-Containing Fertilizers

  17. Zinc Deficiency in Central Anatolia +Zn -Zn +Zn -Zn +Zn

  18. Use of Zn-enriched NP and NPK fertilizers in Turkey following “NATO-ZincProject” Zn-fertilizer market: nearly >200 mio USD/year Detection of Zn deficiency in wheat in Central Anatolia 1000 tons Years Sources:Turkish Ministry of Agriculture, 2004; TOROS Tarım, 2007

  19. Similar Approach in Finland: Enrichment Fertilizers with Selenium Increased Grain Selenium and Contributed to Human Health ’84 ’86 ’88 ’90 ’92 ’94 ’96 ’98 ’00 ’02 ’04 Y E A R S Na2SeO4added to NPK fertilizers for cereals 16 mg kg-1 6 mg kg-1 10mg kg-1 Courtesy of Jr. Combs, slide redrawn

  20. A New HarvestPlus Project Agronomic Biofortification Use of Zinc-ContainingFertilizers for Enriching Cereal Grains with Zinc and Improving Yield

  21. HarvestPlus Agronomic Biofortification Project Supporting Partners Mosaic Company-USA K+S Kali GmbH-Germany HarvestPlus-USA International Zinc Association-USA OMEX Agriculture-UK International Fertilizer Industry Assoc.-France International Plant Nutrition Institute-USA Scientific Coordination Sabanci University, Istanbul-Turkey

  22. Collaborating Institutions-Target Countries- • BRAZIL: EMPRABA-Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, • CHINA: China Agricultural University, Beijing • INDIA: The Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi • ZIMBABWE: University of Zimbabwe • MOZAMBIQUE: Instituto de Investigacao Agraria de Mocambique (IIAM); Maputo • PAKISTAN: National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad • THAILAND: Chiang Mai University • TURKEY: Ministry of Agriculture

  23. Institutional Organization Supporting Partners Consortium Institution Supporting Partners Mosaic Co. USA Internat. Zinc Assoc.USA K+S GmbH Germany Int. Fertilizer Ind. Assoc. France OMEX Ltd. England Coordinating Institution Int. Plant Nutr. Inst.USA Collaborating Countries/Institutions INDIA IARI: Indian Agric. Res. Inst. PAKISTAN NARC: Nat. Agric. Res. Cen. CHINA CAU: China Agric. University THAILAND Chiang Mai University ZIMBABWE Soil Fertility Cons. for Southern Africa MOZAMBIQUE IIAM:Inst Inv Agr Moz BRAZIL EMBRAPA: Agr.Res.Corp. TURKEY Ministry of Agriculture

More Related