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Underlying Causes of World War I and Its Outbreak

Underlying Causes of World War I and Its Outbreak. Unit 8 Day 1. Bismarck’s Foreign Policy (1871-1890). Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) After the Unification, Bismarck lifted Germany to be the leading nation in Europe while keeping peace among many rivals

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Underlying Causes of World War I and Its Outbreak

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  1. Underlying Causes of World War I and Its Outbreak Unit 8 Day 1

  2. Bismarck’s Foreign Policy (1871-1890) • Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) • After the Unification, Bismarck lifted Germany to be the leading nation in Europe while keeping peace among many rivals • Following the Franco-Prussian War (1871), Bismarck works to build relationships with European nations that will keep France isolated and weak • Establishes Three Emperors League with Austria- Hungary and Russia (1881-1887) • Alliance of Conservative monarchies • Still maintains relations with France • Supports French imperial efforts in Africa

  3. William II’s “New Course” (1890-1918) • 1888 – William II accedes to the German throne • Almost immediately begins quarrelling with Bismarck over foreign policy • 1890 - Bismarck dismissed as chancellor • William begins plotting an aggressive “new course” • 1899 - Alienates Britain by supporting Afrikaners in South Africa • 1904 - Gambles (and loses) on belief that an alliance between Britain and France over Morocco will fall apart • William opposes the French extension of a sphere of influence over Morocco, which Britain agreed to support • Brings Britain and France closer together • 1907 - Threatens British naval superiority by expanding battleship fleet • Russia, threatened by German aggressiveness and embarassed by Japanese strenghtens ties with Great Britain • Result – Germany increasingly isolated, Britain emerges as new leader

  4. The “Balkan Powder Keg” 1878-1914 • After 1878 nationalistic tensions in the Balkan states grow to feverish pitch • 1878 – Congress of Berlin • Bismarck oversees the creation of states of Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Bosnia, and Herzegovina from former Ottoman possessions in Balkans • Many ethnic Serbians, Croats, and Romanians still in Austria-Hungary • June 28, 1914 – Austrian heir Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife Sophie assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Slavic extremist group, The Black Hand • July 28 Austria declares war on Serbia • Due to complex web of diplomatic obligations, Germany supports Austria while Russia intervenes on side of Serbians • France tied diplomatically to Russia also enters war • Three Emperors League replaced by Triple Alliance (France, Russia, Britain) • July 29, Russia goes to war against Austria and Germany • August 2, Germany invades Belgium on the way to France

  5. The “Balkan Powder Keg” 1878-1914

  6. Assassination in Sarajevo Archduke Francis Ferdinand and Sophie shortly before their murder The arrest of Gavrilo Pincip, one of the Serbian assassins

  7. Trench Warfare

  8. Trench Warfare

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