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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Overview And The Skull. The Skeletal System. Includes the following: Bones (206) Cartilages Ligaments. Functions of Skeletal System. Support and protection Storage of calcium Blood cell production Movement. Bone is a Living Organ. Fig. 6.8 & 6.9.

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Overview And The Skull

  2. The Skeletal System • Includes the following: • Bones (206) • Cartilages • Ligaments

  3. Functions of Skeletal System • Support and protection • Storage of calcium • Blood cell production • Movement

  4. Bone is a Living Organ Fig. 6.8 & 6.9 OSTEOCYTE – bone cell OSTEON – basic functional unit of bone, a cylindrical canal consisting of blood vessels, nerves and osteocytes.

  5. Osteoporosis • Major pathology of bone • Decrease in bone density • Results in bone fractures mainly in wrist (Colles fracture), hip and vertebrae • 2 types (estrogen-dependent and age-related) • Read p. 169

  6. Osteoporosis

  7. Types of Bone Fractures

  8. Organization of Skeleton • Two Divisions • Axial • Bones associated with skull, thorax and vertebral column….80 bones • Appendicular • Bones associated with extremities and shoulder and hip joints….126 bones TOTAL = 206 bones in human skeleton

  9. Bone Vocabulary (p. 168)

  10. Axial Skeleton

  11. Axial Skeleton

  12. Axial Skeleton • Consists of: • Skull – • Auditory ossicles – • Hyoid – • Thoracic cage – • Vertebral column – TOTAL = in axial skeleton

  13. The Skull • 22 bones • Cranial – • Those in direct contact with the brain • Facial – • Those not in contact with the brain

  14. The Skull CRANIAL (8) FACIAL (14)

  15. Sutures SUTURES – immovable joints shared between skull bones

  16. Cranial Bones (8) 1. Frontal Bone (1)

  17. 1. Frontal Bone (1)

  18. 1. Frontal Bone (1)

  19. 2. Parietal Bone (2)

  20. Frontal or Coronal Suture

  21. Sagittal Suture

  22. 3. Temporal Bone (2)

  23. Squamosal Suture

  24. 3. Disarticulated Temporal Bone

  25. Squamosal suture Squamous region

  26. Mastoid process

  27. External auditory meatus

  28. Styloid process

  29. Zygomatic process

  30. Mandibular fossa

  31. LATERAL VIEW

  32. MEDIAL VIEW

  33. Internal acoustic meatus

  34. Petrous region

  35. ANTERIOR

  36. 4. Sphenoid Bone (1)

  37. 4. Sphenoid Bone (1)

  38. 4. Sphenoid Bone

  39. 4. Sphenoid Bone (1) • Considered center bone of skull • Shaped like a four-winged, two legged flying creature • Which skull bones articulate (form joints with) this bone? • Which skull bones do not articulate with this bone?

  40. Sphenoid Bone Superior to Inferior View

  41. Lesser Wings Superior To Inferior Greater Wings Lesser Wings Posterior To Anterior

  42. Sella Turcica Pterygoid Processes Pterygoid Processes

  43. Pterygoid Processes Located just posterior to the last upper molar teeth

  44. 5. Ethmoid Bone (1) • Forms roof of nasal cavity • Forms upper half of nasal septum • Forms lateral wall of both • nasal cavities • Comes in contact with the brain • therefore it is a cranial bone

  45. 5. Ethmoid Bone (1)

  46. 5. Ethmoid Bone (1) Crista galli – separates 2 cribriform plates and continues down into nasal cavity as perpendicular plate Cribriform plates (2) – perforated bones leading to the nasal cavity

  47. Two points – cribriform plate and nasal cavity

  48. 5. Ethmoid Bone (1) Superior and Middle conchae are features of the ethmoid bone and form the lateral mass of the ethmoid bone and the lateral wall of the nasal cavities.

  49. 5. Ethmoid Bone (1) Perpendicular plate Forms upper half of nasal septum

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