Final Exam Review

1. Final Exam Review Italian Art History

3. Concrete • Roman architecture is possible because of what amazing discovery?

4. Keystone • The _____ is at the center of an arch. It holds all of the pressure from the surrounding stones.

5. 80,000 • The Roman Colosseum could hold up to _______ spectators

6. 100 • When the Colosseum opened in 80 A.D., it had ______ days of games, which resulted in lots of deaths.

8. “All the gods” • The word Pantheon literally means ______.

9. Raphael • What famous artist is buried in the Pantheon?

10. Oculus • At the top of the dome, in the Pantheon, there is an _____, which literally translates to ‘the eye.’

12. The Vatican • St. Peter’s Basilica is located in the heart of _____.

13. Bernini and Michelangelo • What two famous artists designed and completed most of the architecture and artwork in St. Peter’s?

14. Obelisk • In the center of the Piazza san Pietro (St. Peter’s Square), there is an ________. (Egyptian sun symbol)

16. Commission • To pay an artist to create an artwork is also known as a ______.

17. Michelangelo • Who sculpted the statue of David when he was only 25 years old?

18. Subtractive Sculpture • What technique was used to create the statue of David?

19. Contrappasto • David stands in _____, which means all of his weight is on one leg.

21. Frieze • The Column of Trajan is made up of a ____ that, when outstretched horizontally, is 656 ft. long.

22. St. Peter • On top of the Column of Trajan, Trajan’s statue was replaced by one of ___ so it didn’t get destroyed.

24. Bernini • Who created the Fountain of the Four Rivers?

25. Europe, Africa, Asia, & the Americas • The Fountain of the Four Rivers is meant to represent the four rivers of ___

27. Personification • A human figure used to represent something nonhuman is also known as ____.

28. Aqua Virgo • The Trevi Fountain was created to commemorate the last surviving aqueduct called ______.

30. Chiaroscuro • A ____ is an effect of contrasted light and shadow in a 2D artwork

31. Sfumato • In the Mona Lisa, the colors blend together to create soft edges. This is called ____.

32. Da Vinci • The Mona Lisa was painted by ____. It is rumored that it is a ‘self-portrait.’

34. Raphael • The School of Athens was commissioned by the Pope and painted by _____.

35. Three-Point Perspective • In the School of Athens, which of the following does notdraw your attention to the focal point: • One-point perspective • The gaze of the onlookers • Three-point perspective • The placement of the centered figures

37. Old Testament • In the Sistine Chapel, over 300 human figures were painted from what book?

38. Michelangelo • The Sistine Chapel was painted by which famous Renaissance artist?

39. Muscular definition of their Bodies • Michelangelo emphasized what in his figures?

41. Fresco • When colored pigments are added to wet plaster and allowed to dried, it creates a ____.

42. Religious Cults • The Villa of Mysteries recorded one of the many ______ within Pompeii.

44. 20,000 • Pompeii was a thriving city with approximately _____ inhabitants.

45. Mt. Vesuvius • What volcano erupted, trapping the city in twenty feet of ash?

46. 79 AD • In what year did Mt. Vesuvius erupt?

47. It preserved all aspects of daily life and the art of ancient Italy • What is the significance of the incident at Pompeii?

48. The body plaster casts • Pompeii is mostly known for the _______, which are still a controversial issue to this day.