1 / 25

ALZHEIMER’S

PS30017 Controversies in Cognition. ALZHEIMER’S. Memory aids from a distributed cognition perspective By Olly Swanton Laura Misselbrook Susannah Redhead Peter Gomez-Luque. Presentation Outline. Two case studies reflecting both sides of the controversy.

gavin-strong
Download Presentation

ALZHEIMER’S

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PS30017 Controversies in Cognition ALZHEIMER’S Memory aids from a distributed cognition perspective By Olly Swanton Laura Misselbrook Susannah Redhead Peter Gomez-Luque

  2. Presentation Outline Two case studies reflecting both sides of the controversy. • Dementia - Definition, Cause, Features • Case Study 1 - Guide Me Project • Controversy • Distributed Cognition • Memory aids • Case Study 2 - Gloucester Smart House • Conclusion and Discussion

  3. Dementia: the Facts. • Definition Briggs (1989) • Occurrence Hagnell et al (1981) • Cause • Features

  4. ‘Guide Me’ Project • With the advancements of technology, its potential can be utilized in order to bring benefit to the lives of those suffering with Alzheimer’s. • Guide Me Project – undertaken by Dept. of Industrial Design, University of Eindhoven. • Integrates GPS & GSM technologies • Locator and communication product for Alzheimer’s patients.

  5. Aim • In the early stages of the disease, patients will suffer from temporary memory loss, also known as ‘blackouts’. • These can occur at any time and often cause the patient to lose track of their own whereabouts. • Becomes a worry for caregivers of the patient.

  6. Concept • Non-intrusive channel • Patient can go about his/her daily life without constant supervision from caregiver. • Prolong the period of care that can be administered by the caregiver • Delaying the admission into an Alzheimer's institute.

  7. Guide Me Research • Interviews conducted • Socially active people whom want to maintain their current lifestyles. • Maintain Self preservation • Accept that there are social limitations

  8. Scenario 1:- due to a blackout. location of patient on map, with respect to where he/she is heading to. Scenario 2: Emergency signal on the device. Provide reassurance to the caregiver and patient, in any case of emergency, that there is help at hand. Scenarios

  9. Conclusions of Guide Me Project • Harness GSM and GPS technologies • Simple device • Living situation for the partner and patient more bearable • Alleviating stress • Ultimately, prolonging the time that a patient can stay at home

  10. Controversy! • A paradox - to become more independent, and thus assure better quality of life, cognition is distributed between both caregivers and technology. • Independence? Ethical concerns emphasised.

  11. Distributed Cognition • Devised over last 12 years by Hutchins, Clark, Minsky, Lakoff. • Reconceptualises what is considered cognitive. • Hutchins (1995) – Cognitive ethnography on board US Navy ships.

  12. Three Central Tenets Caroll (2002), Hutchins (1995) • Socially distributed – social organisation itself is a form of cognitive architecture • Embodied – Organisation of mind an emergent property of interactions among internal/ external resources • Culturally embedded – Study of cognition not separable from study of culture

  13. Distributed Cognition cont. • New theoretical foundation for HCI Carmien 2003 - Increasing workplace independence for people with cognitive disabilities by leveraging distributed cognition among caregivers and clients. • Emphasises mediating tools and social processes by which patients cognition is spread. • Support groups (social configurations) • MAPS (Memory Aid Prompting System)

  14. Memory Aids • A device or strategy which can be used by a patient suffering memory loss in order to store information or to alert a user to an event or an issue which might otherwise be forgotten. • Generic techniques such as paper and pen techniques • Advanced electronic devices.

  15. Definition • These combinations of external representations and physical tools have greatly extended and supported people’s ability to carry out cognitive activities. (Norman, 1993) • Main goals which have cognitive benefits: • 1. Externalizing to reduce memory load • 2. Computational Offloading • 3.Annotating and cognitive tracing

  16. Diary PDA’s (Personal Digital Assistants) Alarm Clocks/Timers Pagers Lists on Memo Boards/Post it Notes Leaving physical items as reminders i.e. leave items you need to take with you by the front door. External Memory AidsChanges to your routine which help jog memory

  17. Where’s my house? • Gloucester Smart-House • Technology for maintaining independence • The developmental stage

  18. Technology in the House • Bath and Basin Monitor • Night Light • Cooker Monitor

  19. ‘Rula’

  20. ‘Enable Project’ • Evaluation of the Gloucester House • Quality of life • The carers and the sufferers

  21. Conclusion • Guide Me Project – cognition distributed between caregivers and technology. • Smart Houses – more genuine independence. • However – from distributed cognition perspective, others are implicated in cognition regardless of whether cognitive deficit. • Iterative design process – ethical concerns can be taken into account.

  22. Conclusion cont. • Distributed cognition affords framework for design and evaluation of digital artefacts. Hutchins – Memory processes in airport cockpit. • However, does not address potential for learning. Carmien 2003

  23. References • Carmien, S., Gorman, A., DePaula, R., & Kintsch, A. (2004) Increasing Workplace Independence for People with Cognitive Disabilities by Leveraging Distributed Cognition among Caregivers and Clients. ACM Portal, Vol. 13, Issue 5-6. • Department of Health, (2004) Memory Aids and techniques, Online, Available HTTP: www.mhra.gov.uk (Accessed May 2005) • Hollan, J., Hutchins, E. & Kirsch, D. (2000) Distributed Cognition: Toward a New Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Research, ACM Transcations on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 7. No. 2. • Loh, J., Schietecat, T., Fai Kwok, T., & Lindeboom, L. (2004) Technology Applied to Address Difficulties of Alzheimer Patients and Their Partners. ACM Portal.

  24. References 2 • Briggs, R. S. J. Alzheimer’s Disease: The clinical context in: Davies, D.C. (Ed) (1989) Alzheimer’s Disease: Towards an understanding, John Libby & Company Ltd: London. • Carmien, S., Depaula, R., Gorman, A. and Kintsch, A. (2004) Increasing workplace independence for people with cognitive disabilities by leveraging distributed cognition among caregivers and clients. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 13, pp443-470. • Loh, J., Schietecat, T., Kwok, T.F. and Lindeboom, L. (2004) Technology applied to address difficulties of Alzheimer patients and their partners. [online] ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, ACM Press: New York. • Giere, R.N. (1996) Models as parts of distributed cognitive systems. In: Magnani, L. and Nersessian, M. (2000) Model Based Reasoning: Science, Technology, Values. Kluwer University Press: New York.

  25. References 3 • Clare, L., Roth, I., Wilson, B., Carter, G. and Hodges, J. (2002) Relearning face-name associations in early Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychology, 2002, Vol 16, No.4, pp538-547. • Adlam, T and Orpwood, R. (2002) The Gloucester Smart House, Online Available www.dementia-voice.org.uk/projects/projects_gloucesterproject.htm (Accessed May 2005) • Preece, J. (2002) Interaction Design Wiley Press, U.K

More Related