Starter Activity: Divide the following into biotic and abiotic factors:

1. Starter Activity: Divide the following into biotic and abiotic factors: Soil moisture, grazing, food availability, air temperature, light intensity, disease, predation, pH

2. Life on EarthKey Area 3 Photosynthesis

3. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning the overall process of photosynthesis. Success Criteria: Be able to state where photosynthesis occurs Be able to state the energy conversion during photosynthesis Be able to write the word equation for photosynthesis. Know what happens to the sugar made in photosynthesis

4. Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: • I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate. • LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a • Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources. • LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a Skills for life, learning and work: • Understanding new scientific terms • Becoming confident in new biological terms

5. Watch and Listen • Plants are Amazing!  Note key facts on a show me board

6. Energy All our energy comes from the sun. The sun gives the energy to plants. They make it into food in the form of sugars. Plants pass their energy on to animals which eat them. We eat the animals or plants (to get energy).

7. Plant Cell : what structures are the site of photosynthesis?

8. Chloroplasts • Plant cells contain structures called chloroplasts which are located in the cytoplasm . • These are green in colour as they contain a green chemical (pigment) called chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll traps light energy from the sun. The plant uses this energy to make sugar in the process of photosynthesis.

9. Plants and Light Plants manufacture their own food in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. When a plant carries out photosynthesis it combines simple substances to make carbohydrates like glucose and starch. Photosynthesis is carried out in the leaves of a plant. PHOTO SYNTHESIS (Light) (To build)

10. Photosynthesis Sunlight is extremely important as it provides the energy for plants to make their own food. Cells in green plants make their own food in a process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is an enzyme-controlled process where light energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy. (light energy chemical energy) Chlorophyll is a green pigment (colour) found in disc-shaped structures called chloroplasts in green leaves.

11. Watch and Listen • Photosynthesis Video Clip While watching this clip, think about how green plants affect the composition of gases in the atmosphere.

12. Photosynthesis Equation Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen Products Raw Materials Light energy trapped by chlorophyll

13. released from air traps light energy in leaves (glucose) from soil

14. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis

15. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis

16. Uses of sugars in plants Uses of sugars in plants

17. The 3 fates of glucose Used to make starch (storage) and converted back when sugar is needed by plant Used to make cellulose (structural) in cell walls Glucose Used immediately for respiration So what happens to the sugar made in the leaves? It can be used in a number of ways:

18. Starch A single starch molecule can be made up from around 200-800 glucose molecules. The picture shows starch grains inside plant cells, stained with iodine.

19. Cellulose A single cellulose molecule is likely to be made up from around 1000 – 1500 glucose molecules. Cellulose is made up of chains of glucose molecules which form fibres. View of the cell wall of a plant cell under the electron microscope showing a mesh of cellulose fibres.

20. Have we succeeded? Learning Intention: We are learning the overall process of photosynthesis. Success Criteria: Be able to state where photosynthesis occurs Be able to state the energy conversion during photosynthesis Be able to write the word equation for photosynthesis. Know what happens to the sugar made in photosynthesis

21. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning about the conditions needed for photosynthesis Success Criteria: Be able to take part in investigations to prove that a leaf is photosynthesising Be able to describe the experiment carried out Be able to name the solution used to test for starch Know the conditions needed for photosynthesis

22. Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: • When I engage with others I can make a relevant contribution, ensure that everyone has an opportunity to contribute and encourage them to take account of others’ points of view or alternative solutions. • I can respond in ways appropriate to my role, exploring and expanding on contributions to reflect on, clarify or adapt thinking. • LIT 4-02a • I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others. • HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a Skills for life, learning and work: • Confidence in yourself and your abilities • Communication • Independent learning • Understanding of new scientific terms • Enquiry and practical

23. Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child • Article 15: Every child has the right to meet with other children and to join groups and organisations, as long as this doesn’t stop other people from enjoying their rights.

24. Starter Activity: On a show me board, using no notes, write out the photosynthesis word equation. Make sure you label the raw materials and products. Question - How do green plants affect the composition of gases in the atmosphere?

26. Investigating Conditions Needed for Photosynthesis • Before we can carry out investigations to find out the conditions required for photosynthesis, we need to know the process for proving that a leaf has photosynthesised. • What do you think we will test a leaf for? (Clue : how do plants store the sugar they make in photosynthesis?)

27. Testing a leaf for starch Before we can add iodine to a leaf, we need to prepare the leaf as follows: • Boil the leaf in water to remove the waxy coating so our stain can get inside the leaf. • Place the leaf in hot ethanol to remove the green colour so we can see the colour change. What colour change indicates a positive test with iodine?

28. Testing a leaf for starch Testing a leaf for starch

29. Equipment you will need 200 ml of water in 250 ml beaker White tile

30. Method • Place the leaf or leaf discs in a beaker of water. • Sit the beaker on a tripod stand and use a bunsen burner to heat the water. • Once it is fully boiling, allow to boil for 2 minutes. • TURN OFF THE BUNSEN BURNER. • Using tweezers, remove the leaf or discs. • Place the leaf in a boiling tube and cover with ethanol. • Place the boiling tube into the beaker of water. • Once the ethanol has turned green, tip the contents of the boiling tube into the hot water to rinse the leaf. • Place the leaf or discs on a white tile and add iodine solution.

31. Proving that light is required • Discuss with your partner how you think you could prove that light is required for photosynthesis to take place. • Your teacher will listen to all of your ideas. • You will then carry out an experiment to prove your hypothesis.

32. Starter Activity: What leaf (Q or R) would test positive for starch? Why?

33. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are using skills we have already learned to carry out another photosynthesis investigation. Success Criteria: Be able to carry out an investigation to prove that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis.

34. Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: • When I engage with others I can make a relevant contribution, ensure that everyone has an opportunity to contribute and encourage them to take account of others’ points of view or alternative solutions. • I can respond in ways appropriate to my role, exploring and expanding on contributions to reflect on, clarify or adapt thinking. • LIT 4-02a • I make full use of and value the opportunities I am given to improve and manage my learning and, in turn, I can help to encourage learning and confidence in others. • HWB 3-11a / HWB 4-11a Skills for life, learning and work: • Confidence in yourself and your abilities • Communication • Independent learning • Understanding of new scientific terms • Enquiry and practical

35. Proving that chlorophyll is required • Discuss with your partner how you think you could prove that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis to take place. • Your teacher will listen to all of your ideas. • You will then carry out an experiment to prove your hypothesis.

36. Conditions required for photosynthesis • You will now carry out the test for starch on a variegated leaf. • This is a leaf which has some white areas, which do not contain chlorophyll. • What is your hypothesis? (What do you think will happen)

37. Method • Place the leaf in a beaker of water. • Sit the beaker on a tripod stand and use a bunsen burner to heat the water. • Once it is fully boiling, allow to boil for 2 minutes. • TURN OFF THE BUNSEN BURNER. • Using tweezers, remove the leaf. • Place the leaf in a boiling tube and cover with ethanol. • Place the boiling tube into the beaker of water. • Once the ethanol has turned green, tip the contents of the boiling tube into the hot water to rinse the leaf. • Place the leaf on a white tile and add iodine solution.

38. Write up • Write up your experiment including your aim, variables, method and results. • You must include a labelled diagram. • You must include the reasons for boiling the leaf and for heating it in ethanol.

39. Have we succeeded? Learning Intention: We are using skills we have already learned to carry out another photosynthesis investigation. Success Criteria: Be able to carry out an investigation to prove that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis.

40. Starter Activity: Describe an experiment which shows that light is required for photosynthesis.

41. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning the two stages of photosynthesis Success Criteria: Be able to name, describe and explain stage 1 and stage 2 of photosynthesis Be able to state the conditions required for stage 1 and stage 2

42. Literacy, Numeracy, HWB: • I can make notes and organise them to develop my thinking, help retain and recall information, explore issues and create new texts, using my own words as appropriate. • LIT 3-15a / LIT 4-15a • Using what I know about the features of different types of texts, I can find, select, sort, summarise, link and use information from different sources. • LIT 3-14a / LIT 4-14a Skills for life, learning and work: • Understanding new scientific terms • Becoming confident in new biological terms

43. Right’s Respecting School: UN Convention of the Right’s of a Child • Article 17: Every child has the right to reliable information from the media. This should be information that children can understand. Governments must help protect children from materials that could harm them.

44. Photosynthesis Song

45. Photosynthesis Light energy Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 Raw Materials Products

46. Photosynthesis - Stage 1 • Photosynthesis happens in 2 stages. • Stage 1 is called the Light Reactions.

47. Light energy Light energy trapped by chlorophyll used to split water Water is split into oxygen and hydrogen Oxygen diffuses from the cell Hydrogen is used in stage 2

48. Light energy Light energy trapped by chlorophyll in chloroplasts and converted to chemical energy Chemical energy used to generate ATP (an energy transfer molecule) ATP is used in stage 2

49. Light Reactions Occur in the chloroplasts. Splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is produced and excess oxygen diffuses into the air. Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP. ATP and hydrogen are transferred to stage 2.

50. Starter Activity: Answer the following questions in your class work jotter: Name the two raw materials of photosynthesis. Name stage 1. What is the energy change that takes place? Name two products made in stage 1 that are required for stage 2.