Module 8: Factors affecting development

1. Module 8: Factors affecting development

2. Factors affecting development There are four ways to group the factors that affect development and behaviour. What are they? Discuss then click on the images to find out more. Inherited influences Socio-economic influences concerned with our genetic makeup combines both social and economic factors Psychological influences Environmental influences factors that affect the mind influences from our surroundings Module 8: Factors affecting development

3. Genetic disorders An individual’s genes are inherited from their parents and determine growth and development. Genetic disorders are caused by mutations that make a gene function improperly. Cystic Fibrosis is a disorder caused by faulty genes. Click on the video icon to watch a clip about Lauren who has Cystic Fibrosis. As you watch, list the effects of the disorder for Lauren. • Cystic fibrosis causes a build up of sticky mucus in the lungs which may cause: • shortness of breath • coughing • reduced mobility • infections Module 8: Factors affecting development

4. Impact of environmental influences Look at the images below. What effects on human development can these environmental influences have? Air pollution Noise pollution Water pollution Eye and throat irritation, respiratory disorders such as asthma Disruption to sleep, stress, affects concentration Sickness, diarrhoea and, in serious cases, death Module 8: Factors affecting development

5. Environmental influences: crime Read the scenario below and consider how this situation could affect Bryn. Record your ideas here: Bryn is 72 years old. He has poor mobility and suffers from arthritis. He has lived in the same area all of his life. In recent years the crime level has risen and gangs have moved into the area. • Bryn may start to feel unsafe and not go out. • He could become isolated and withdrawn. Module 8: Factors affecting development

6. Socio-economic influences What socio-economic influences can you think of? Discuss then click on the images below to see some answers. Income Family Education Access to health services ? ? Socio-economic influences ? Culture ? ? Social class Occupation Housing Diet Module 8: Factors affecting development

7. Socio-economic influences: income Your level of income can affect your quality of life and development. How might income affect these children’s life chances in different ways? Record your ideas below, then click on the images to see our suggestions. Bethan is 5 years old with two older brothers. Her mum works part time and her dad is unemployed. Record your ideas here: Bethan is more likely to lack educational resources, experience stress or have low expectations. Luke is 7 years old with one older brother. His dad is a partner in a law firm and his mum works in banking. Record your ideas here: Luke is more likely to have money for wants, a positive self-concept and achieve at school. Module 8: Factors affecting development

8. Socio-economic influences: the family The family is at the core of primary socialisation and influences a child’s attitudes and beliefs. There are four different family types. What are they? Discuss then click on the images to find out. Lone parent families Extended families ? Family types ? Reconstituted families Nuclear families Can you think of three benefits that families have for an individual’s development? • support • love • introduce the rules of behaviour in society Module 8: Factors affecting development

9. Socio-economic influences: diet Adequate nutrition is essential for growth and development. What could be the effects of eating the following foods on a daily basis? Discuss then click on the images to see our suggestions. Increased energy, less chance of serious illness, better concentration, stabilised mood and overall sense of well-being. Nutritional deficiencies, weight gain, fatigue, weak immunity, failure to develop cognitive abilities and cardiovascular disease. Module 8: Factors affecting development

10. Socio-economic influences: housing How could these two types of housing affect a child who lived there in different ways? Click on the images to see our suggestions. Record your ideas here: A child may have more privacy and time to themselves. A private garden may provide space for exercise. A child may lack spaces for play, be at risk of accidents or have low self-esteem. Module 8: Factors affecting development

11. Psychological influences: self-concept An individual’s self-concept can be influenced by a range of factors, such as friends, family, the media, age and gender. Individuals may have a high or low self-concept. The scenarios below could all be predictors of high or low self-concept. Click each one to highlight the colour that matches the self-concept on the right. Joanne has just had a promotion at work Joanne has just had a promotion at work Adam has bad acne Adam has bad acne Reece is overweight Reece is overweight High self-concept (1 click) Anna is often picked on at school Anna is often picked on at school Cathy has just got engaged John’s parents have just split up John’s parents have just split up Cathy has just got engaged Low self-concept (2 clicks) Alun has just passed his driving test. Alun has just passed his driving test. Amanda’s father is very ill Ella has just graduated from university Module 8: Factors affecting development

12. Approval from others Approval from parents and peers can be particularly important for adolescents. Ian has recently started a new school and wants to fit in with others but he is having trouble making friends. What effects might be likely if Ian didn’t receive approval from his peer group? Record your ideas here: • lack of social confidence • becoming withdrawn • lower academic attainment • increased loneliness Module 8: Factors affecting development

13. Developmental factors in your area All of the factors affecting development can affect individuals of all life stages and can have both positive and negative effects. Click here for a blank tableto summarise what you have learned. Now think about the factors most likely to affect the life-chances of a child born in your area. If you have completed module 2, use the information you have gathered on local demographics to help you. Module 8: Factors affecting development