Kubrick

1. John Ford Leone Scorsese Spielberg Kubrick Francis Ford Coppola Spike Lee Spike Lee Hitchcock

2. COMM 1851 Intro to film Film Structure Chapter 1 2. Structure and the Camera

3. Structure and the Camera Topics: • Camera Positions • Establishing Shot • Camera Angles • Camera Lens • Camera Movement

4. Structure and the Camera Shot • The amount of film (footage) that is exposed when the camera is turned on and off. • The basic building block of cinema. • AKA “a Take”

5. Structure and the Camera Camera Position- the distance between the camera and the subject it is photographing. • 3 Camera set-ups: CU, MS, LS Set-up- is the purposeful placement of the camera in order to achieve the desired affect.

6. Structure and the Camera 3 Camera Set-Ups Extreme Close-up Close-up Medium Shot Medium Long Shot Establishing Shot Long Shot Extreme Long Shot

7. Structure and the Camera Close-up • A shot taken from a close distance in which the scale of the object is magnified, appears relatively large and fills the entire frame i.e., a person's head from the shoulders or neck up is a commonly-filmed close-up

8. Structure and the Camera Close-up Why would a director use this shot? • To focus viewers attention on the thoughts, feelings of the subject • To emphasize importance of the character, or object. • Reserved for critical narrative moments. Extreme close-up Close-up

9. Structure and the Camera Long Shot • A camera view of an object or character from a considerable distance so that it appears relatively small in the frame: generally if you can see the subjects head & feet it is a long shot • EX: a person standing in a crowd of people or a cowboy in a mountain landscape.

10. Structure and the Camera Long Shot Why would a director use this shot? • To emphasize setting • Man’s smallness in the environment Long Shot Extreme Long shot

11. Structure and the Camera Medium Shot • Refers to a shot filmed from a medium distance; Although it is difficult to precisely define, it usually refers to a human figure from the waist up.

12. Structure and the Camera Medium Shot Why would a director use this shot? • Emphasize more of the characters actions • Setting more important than Close-up Medium Shot

13. Structure and the Camera Establishing Shot Specific purpose created in Editing • Usually a long shot, extreme long shot or medium shot used to establish the setting or location of scene.

14. Structure and the Camera Establishing Shot Specific purpose created in Editing • Often has credits or location titles. • The first shot of a sequence; signals a change in locale.

15. Structure and the Camera Establishing Shot When would a director use this kind of shot? • Sets up viewer expectation: genre, time, place, and mood. Is it also a long shot or a extreme long shot?

16. Structure and the Camera What are camera angles? • The camera’s perspective. • Camera’ perspective translated to viewer perspective or character perspective.

17. 4 Camera Angles • Low angle- camera perspective looks up at subject. • Medium angle- camera looks into the eyes of the subject or at eye level of the subject.

18. 4 Camera Angles • High angle- camera perspective over subject or looks down on subject. • Canted angle- Camera perspective at an extreme diagonal tilt. • Bird’s Eye View- Extreme high angle looking down at subject

19. Camera Angles Carefully composed to elicit a calculated audience emotional response: • Can act as a metaphor to influence audience response to character. • Conveys information to the viewer about the character’s world, thoughts and feelings. • Disguise pertinent information until the director is ready to expose key information • Remember Context-dependent

20. Camera Lens Lens- a device that gathers light in the camera and focuses it on the emulsionof the film. Choice of lens effects: • Image size • Relationship depth and distance.

21. Camera Lens Key lens terms from text. • Depth of field • Focal length • Telephoto lens • Wide-angle lens • Lens more in depth in the cinematography chapter

22. Movement of the camera 6 Movements of the Camera • Pan-vertical axis: side to side. • Tilt-horizontal axis: up & down. • linking movements • Follow action • Key info on subject apparel

23. Movement of the camera 6 Movements of the Camera • Track/Dolly-parallel to ground • Boom/Crane- • *Zoom. (camera does not physically move. Know these shot movements!

24. Movement of the camera 6. Steadicam- hydraulically balanced camera apparatus introduced in the mid 70’s that allows the operator to take relatively smooth images and steady shots while following the action. • EX: Raising Arizonachase through the house…

25. Other Camera Movements Handheld- a shot taken by holding the camera in order to produce wobbly shaky movement while following the action. EX: Blair Witch Project

26. Other Camera “Movements” • Rack focus- refers to the technique of changing the focus from the object in the foreground to the object in the background. Ex: two people having a conversion in a car. Camera is shooting in from the side of the car. Camera does not move the focus plane does using variable focus lens