The Youngsters in Theoretical Nuclear Physics

1. The Youngsters in Theoretical Nuclear Physics An Ace up France’s sleeve in the RIB competition

2. Some Thoughts for the Future • The European Roadmap : FAIR and EURISOL • For What Science? • How can theoreticians, and particularly young French theoreticians, maximize their contribution?

3. THE EUROPEAN PLAN NuPECC recommends the construction of 2 ‘next generation’ RIB infrastructures in Europe, i.e. one ISOL and one in-flight facility. The in-flight machine would arise from a major upgrade of the current GSI facility: FAIR, while EURISOL would constitute the new ISOL facility The EURISOL Road Map • Vigorous scientific exploitation of current ISOL facilities : EXCYT, Louvain, REX/ISOLDE, SPIRAL • Construction of intermediate generation facilities: SPIRAL2, HIE-ISOLDE, SPES • Design and prototyping of the most specific and challenging parts of EURISOL in the framework of EURISOL_DS.

4. Next Generation Facility: FAIR at GSI Key Technical Features • Cooled beams • Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets Primary Beams Secondary Beams • 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 • over present in intensity • 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons • 1010/s 238U73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u • Broad range of • radioactive beams up to1.5 - 2 GeV/u; • up to factor 10 000 in • intensity over present • Antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV Storage and Cooler Rings • Radioactive beams • e – A collider • 1011 antiprotons • stored and cooled • at 0.8 - 14.5 GeV

5. A New In-Flight Exotic Nuclear Beam Facility I High intensity primary beams from SIS 200 (e.g. 1012238U / sec at 1 GeV/u) II Superconducting large acceptance Fragment separator III Three experimental areas Optimized for efficient transport of fission products Talks by H. Geissel and M. Winkler on Thursday

6. FAIR:Experiments at Storage Rings •Mass measurements •Reactions with internal targets  Elastic p scatt.  (p,p’) (a,a’)  transfer • Electron scattering  elastic scattering  inelastic

7. 1 GeV/q H-, H+, 3He++ n-generator UCx target H- HWRs 176MHz Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz 3-spoke ISCL 325 MHz Elliptical ISCL 704 MHz RFQ 176 MHz 4-MW target station b = 0.03 b = 0.047 b = 0.65 b = 0.78 b = 0.09, b = 0.15 100 keV 1+ ion source 1.5 MeV/u 60 MeV/q 140 MeV/q H+, D+, 3He++ >200 MeV/q D+, A/q=2 Ion sources A possible schematic layout for a EURISOL facility One of several 100-kW direct target stations Low-resolution mass-selector Secondary fragmentation target Spoke ISCL 264 MHz 8 HWRs ISCL 176 MHz 3 QWRs ISCL 88 MHz QWR ISCL 88 MHz Charge selector Bunching RFQ RFQs High-resolution mass-selector Charge breeder b = 0.385 b = 0.27 b = 0.14 b = 0.065 20-150 MeV/u (for 132Sn) 9.3- 62.5 MeV/u 2.1-19.9 MeV/u To high-energy experimental areas To low-energy areas To medium-energy experimental areas

8. Yields of fission fragment after acceleration (best numbers for all) Kr Sn Yield, pps Yield, pps Today Today A A Thanks to Marek Lewitowicz

9. The Major Challenge is… That each of these facilities will cost 1 Billion (109) € to build and about 100 M€ each year to run We need to convince ourselves, our pairs, our funding agencies and eventually the tax payers that this is good use of the money spent!

10. The Nuclear Chart and Challenges

11. Nuclear landscape towards the drip-lines 2008 Nuclear landscape towards the drip-lines Next drip-line nuclei ? N 36 33 39 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Testing ground 18 Z 07 : 125Pd (Z=46) found at RIBF 16 43Si 44Si 14 Low-lying resonances ? Neutron skin ? Neutron excitation ? Density Profiles ? New shell effects ? 34Mg 38Mg 40Mg 12 33Na 37Na 4He 10 30,31,32Ne 34Ne How far can ab-initio and no-core shell model go ? 31F 8 24O structure of 24O ? Drip-line 23N  Complete the Identity card of drip-line nuclei 22C

12. 4 3 2 20Ca 1 12Mg 16S 0 N 12 16 20 24 Modification of magic numbers far from stability Mean Field + Correlations Shell Model E* (MeV)

13. 30 20 3.3 10 2.0 1.7 0 30 20 10 0 0 4 6 8 10 12 16 20 E* [MeV] Results for E1 strength Pb Target S1n S2n background subtracted Al Target GS 25Ne [MeV] We deduced: B(E1) = 0.600.06 e2fm2 or 5.9  1.0% of TRK sum rule @ 9 MeV GS 26Ne

14. Neutron-proton pairing and correlations • n-p pairing can occur in 2 different states: T=0 and T=1. The former is unique to n-p. It can be best studied in N=Z nuclei through spectroscopy and 2-nucleon transfer reactions. Beyond the mean field

15. Super heavy elements : discovery and spectroscopy?? GSI Z112 RIKEN Z=113 DUBNA Z to 118? 294118 • Synthesis of new elements/isotopes (Z  120) • Spectroscopy of Transfermium elements (Z  108) • Shell structure of superheavy nuclei Structure +Reactions TDHF

16. Studying the liquid-gas phase transition far from stability Muller Serot PRC 1995 Neutron rich nuclei: isospin distillation pressure Bonche Vautherin NPA 1984 asymmetry rp/rn Proton rich nuclei: vanishing limiting temperatures From Ph. Chomaz and F. Gulminelli

17. Effect of shell closures on element abundances

18. Interactions fondamentales • Transitions super-permises 0+0+ : hypothèse CVC.

19. A stimulating workshop • A pleasure to listen to wonderfully talented young (and slightly older) theoreticians and experimentalists. • This young theory community is unique to the world and an asset to France and Europe in the RIB competition. • Good collaboration between groups • Understanding of the necessity of close collaboration with experimenters.

20. A somewhat restricted view… • World champions in mean field and beyond but • Shell model? • Ab-initio calculations? • Reactions? • Applications? • Your community is large enough to master several approaches • Your work should be driven by the diversity and advancement of the field, and not by the history of your lab.

21. Some tentative advice…maybe • Improve your models and their predictive power based on new data but • Take some time to think about new concepts, this will keep our field moving • Get out of your lab. Go abroad and initiate collaborations. Spend some time in accelerator labs. See the World (of nuclear physics) • Collaborate on experiments from submission to interpretation. Feel responsible. • Help plan the future. Give you input and time to help foster new facilities. (Join the EURISOL User group at www.eurisol.org)