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Wind Energy 4310

This review explores the difference between electrical power and energy, the two categories of electrical power, voltage calculations, power factor, and how to correct a "bad" power factor. It also covers losses and reactive power in electrical systems.

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Wind Energy 4310

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  1. Wind Energy 4310 Electrical Review

  2. Review Power = Voltage x Amps Measured in Watts Power is an instantaneous value What is the difference between Electrical Power and Electrical Energy?

  3. Review Electrical Power is delivered over conductors based on voltage. What are the two categories? LL = LN*3 115, 138, 230, 345, 500, 765 kV Transmission Line-to-neutral or line-to-ground voltage 69 kV Distribution 4.8, 12.47, 24.94, 34.5 kV Line-to-line voltage LN = LL/3

  4. Review Calculation of Power = V * I for single-phase values. The transmission/distribution power system is 3-phase (3), how do we find total power, PT? If a 69 kV line is known to carry 20 MW, how much current is being carried by each conductor? 96.6 Amps 20,000,000 W/3 phases/69,000 V =

  5. Review Is 100% of the produced power available for use? In other words, if I make 100 MW of power from my natural gas power plant, it all of it usable power? There is Losses and Reactive Power What are losses and how are they found? Loss = I2 * R What is “R?” Where does it come from? What is Reactive Power and where does it come from? Reactive is “negative” power—when voltage and current are out of phase. Is it important? Is it needed?

  6. Review When voltage and current is out of phase, we get a Power Factor? How is it calculated? Given: S= 100 MW Q= 20 MVAR Find P and  Apparent Power S Reactive Power Q  P Real Power There are 2 MW in losses P= 98 MW and = 11.5° This represents the power factor Now find cos() Turbines use power electronics to operate in a range of -98% to 95% power factor. 98% power factor

  7. Review Power Factor is the angle between the voltage and current? There are two types of Power Factors. What are they?

  8. Review Is this Leading or Lagging? Leading V I V I V I V I Lagging Our three-phase power system operates how? Can a “bad” power factor be corrected? How?

  9. Capacitor bank (“front” view) Switches for each phase Phase C Phase B Phase A Added during removal to dissipate the built-up charge. Removed when installed. “Grounding” for automatic meter reading software

  10. Where it is attached to the power pole (“back” view) Switches for each phase

  11. (“top” view) Bird nest

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