Nick Feamster, Lixin Gao, Jennifer Rexford ------ Hong Zhang 2007.1.4

1. Nick Feamster, Lixin Gao, Jennifer Rexford ------ Hong Zhang 2007.1.4

2. Introduction • Concurrent Architectures Better Than One • How Cabo Works • Related Work and Conclusion • My problems and ideas Hong Zhang

3. Motivation Basic Idea of Cabo Precedence and Circumstances Hong Zhang

4. The Internet is relatively resistant to fundamental change: coordination • ISPs: under pressure to offer “value added” services • Researchers: under pressure to justify there work • “Focusing on incremental deployment may lead to solutions where each step along the path makes sense, but the end state is wrong.” Hong Zhang

5. Infrastructure Providers • Who deploy and maintain network equipment • Service Providers • Who deploy network protocols and offer end-to-end services • “Rather than simply serving as an evaluation platform for selecting a single ‘winning’ architecture, support for virtual networks itself should be the architecture.” Hong Zhang

6. Precedence: unbundling the value chain • Airline and Airport • Automobile • Consistent with new internet business model • Co-location Center and Carrier Hotel: locating the physical equipment of many different ISPs in the same building for lower cost • Some ISPs are already pushing the trend Hong Zhang

7. Cabo Architecture The Benefits of Cabo Hong Zhang

8. Infrastructure Provider • Service Provider • Virtual node • a subset of the underlying node resources. • Virtual link • a path through the infrastructure network and includes a portion of the resources. • Virtual network • consists of virtual nodes and links that belong to the same service provider Hong Zhang

9. Hong Zhang

10. Better Network Services • End-to-end network services (?) • Customized Protocols • Co-location for expanded network presence • More robust management and operations • Testing and deploying new protocols • Protection against misconfiguration (?) • Accountability at every layer (?) Hong Zhang

11. Supporting Concurrent Networks Instantiating Virtual Networks Discovering Physical Infrastructure Hong Zhang

12. Virtual Routers • Developing technology now • Some router vendors claim that it can increase network reliability • Virtual Links • Look much like the tunnels that exist in today’s VPNs • Scheduling • Schedule access to physical resources, such as CPU, memory, disk, and link bandwidth • Have related works Hong Zhang

13. Interface and bootstrapping • The ISPs would be able to specify their requirements in terms of specific properties • Allow ISPs to load software on the virtual nodes once they have access to them • Signaling • Cabo could ultimately provide complete connectivity Hong Zhang

14. Accounting and admission control • Perform admission control on virtual networks • Like RSVP: A New Resource reSerVation Protocol • Virtual network embedding • Satisfy an ISP’s request for a physical mapping, making efficient use of available physical resources • NP-hard, but have some efficient ways Hong Zhang

15. Hong Zhang

16. Topology discovery • Physical nodes flood their identities with unique identifiers to a decision element • Neighboring nodes re-forward these identifiers • Every physical endpoint must be uniquely named • Notification of topology changes • If an interface fails, the incident physical node must notify each of the virtual nodes • Run a simple heartbeat protocol to detect physical link failure • A physical node failure is similar to the failure of all of the incident physical links Hong Zhang

17. Related work Deployment of Cabo Cabo-Thought Hong Zhang

18. Equinix and Internap • Only control the first ISP along the path • “Routing as a Service” and OverQos • Similar mechanisms may prove useful for constructing virtual links in Cabo • VPN • Some of the functionality required by Cabo is provided by today’s layer 3 VPNs • GENI and VINI • Focus on support for experiments • Hope to use VINI as an environment for evaluating a prototype of Cabo Hong Zhang

19. Support for virtualization in commercial routers can help enable many of Cabo’s functions • ISPs could begin to offer some of the services that Cabo enables Hong Zhang

20. Food for thought • Perhaps the right future network architecture is not an end state comprised of a collection of addressing, routing, and forwarding paradigms, but rather a platform that allows these functions to evolve as demands on communication networks change. • IP is general, network architecture itself should also be sufficiently general. Hong Zhang

21. About ISPs and end users Locater, identifier and IP address Gains form reading this paper Hong Zhang

22. Business and connection between ISPs • Internet is full duplex • How do users change ISP in Cabo? • Registering mechanism and some identifiers • Change address Hong Zhang

23. Common Problem in Cabo, NIRA, UOA, Shim6, Wireless Network: • Changing IP address while others layers may require it! • Decoupling locater and identifier from IP • Independence is very important! • Physical Layer, IP Layer, Transport Layer, Application Layer Hong Zhang

24. Logical • Diagram • Related work!!! Hong Zhang

25. Hong Zhang