The Cardiovascular System

1. The Cardiovascular System Part III The Arteries and Veins

2. Structure of Blood Vessels • Walls of arteries and veins contain 3 distinct layers

3. 3 Layers (outer to inner) • Tunica externa(adventitia) – comprised of connective tissue • Tunica media – comprised of smooth muscle, determines diameter of blood vessel • Tunica intima – single layer of epithelial cells called endothelial cells – build up of fats

4. Structure of Blood Vessels

5. Overview of the Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

6. Start with the Aorta

7. Aortic Angiogram

8. Circle of Willis

9. Arterial Supply of Brain

10. Upper Extremity Arteries

11. Subclavian – ends at lateral border of 1st rib Axillary – in the axillary region Brachial – surgical neck of humerus to antecubital fossa (elbow) Radial and ulnar Arteries of Head and Neck

12. Upper Extremity Arteries

13. Flow Diagram (p. 585)

14. Branches of Descending Aorta

15. Intercostals 12 pairs Supply Muscles Of ICSs

16. Paired Arteries of Abdomen Gonadal a. Supply Gonads --testicular a. --ovarian a. Renal a. Supply kidneys

17. Unpaired Arteries of Abdomen

18. Unpaired Arteries of Abdomen • Supply the digestive organs • Three of them • Celiac trunk • Superior mesenteric • Inferior mesenteric

19. Distribution • Stomach • Duodenum • Small intestines • Ascending colon • Transverse colon • Descending colon • Rectum

20. Digestive System

21. Distribution • Stomach celiac trunk • Duodenum • Small intestines • Ascending colon • Transverse colon • Descending colon • Rectum

22. Distribution • Stomach celiac trunk • Duodenum • Small intestines • Ascending colon superior mesenteric • Transverse colon • Descending colon • Rectum

23. Distribution • Stomach celiac trunk • Duodenum • Small intestines • Ascending colon superior mesenteric • Transverse colon • Descending colon inferior mesenteric • Rectum

24. Arteries of the Pelvis& Lower Extremity Aorta Bifurcates At L4

25. Aorta Bifurcates at L4 • Bifurcates into L&R common iliac a.

26. Aorta Bifurcates at L4 • Common iliacs bifurcate into internal and external iliac a.

27. Aorta Bifurcates at L4 • Common iliacs bifurcate into internal and external iliac a.

28. Aorta Bifurcates at L4 • External iliacs become femoral a. distal to pubic bone Pubic bone Femoral a. is major artery in thigh

29. Overview

30. Overview of the Venous System Veins return blood to the heart

31. Veins from Head and Neck Blood flow

32. Veins from Head and Neck • Two veins • Internal jugular – begins at jugular foramen, drains blood from brain • Fuses with subclavian to form brachiocephlic 2. External jugular – drains blood from face and scalp • Drains into subclavian

33. Veins from Head and Neck Blood flow

34. Brachiocephalic v. • Subclavian + internal jugular = brachiocephalic

35. Brachiocephalic v.

36. Superior vena cava • SVC formed by fusion of R&L brachiocephalic v. • SVC then drains into right atrium

37. Superior vena cava

38. Veins from Upper Extremities • lat. to med. • Cephalic • Brachial • Basilic Median cubital

39. Veins from Upper Extremities • Cephalic, brachial and basilic fuse to form axillary subclavian • Subclavian fuses w/ internal jugular to form brachiocephalic

40. Veins from Lower Extremities and Pelvis exactly the opposite of arteries

41. Aorta Bifurcates at L4 • External iliacs become femoral a. distal to pubic bone Pubic bone Femoral a. is major artery in thigh

42. Vein Pattern Pubic bone femoral v. is major vein in thigh

43. Vein Pattern Pubic bone femoral

44. Vein Pattern common iliac ext. iliac int. iliac femoral v. is major vein in thigh

45. Vein Pattern inferior vena cava (IVC) Pubic bone

46. Great Saphenous Vein longest vein in body used for coronary bypass

47. The Hepatic Portal System