The Road to Industrialization

1. The Road to Industrialization Markets

2. Markets-people to buy manufactured goods How did the United States establish and maintain international trade?

3. International Markets Africa Europe and European Colonies Latin America Asia

4. Africa-The Triangular Trade US merchant ships transported sugar and cotton from the West Indies and southern states to northern industrial states. From there, ships carried rum and manufactured goods to Africa where they were exchanged for slaves. The slaves were shipped to plantations in the West Indies and southern states where the cycle repeated.

5. Triangular Trade Routes

6. Europe and European Colonies Jay�s Treaty (1794) Put to rest some hostilities from the Revolutionary war and reestablished some trade with Britain and British Colonies in the West Indies. Pinckney�s Treaty (1795) Spain granted �right of deposit� in New Orleans and access to the Mississippi River. XYZ Affair (1798) France was seizing U.S. ships. When U.S. diplomats tried to negotiate with France, the French foreign minister demanded a bribe and a loan from the U.S. This angered American�s and Congress responded by establishing the Navy and building warships

7. Europe and European Colonies (cont.) Barbary Coast Pirates Pirates operating out of North African ports extorted nearly $2 million during the 1790�s. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson dispatched a squadron of warships to the Mediterranean.

9. Europe and European Colonies (cont.) The Embargo Act (1807) Embargo-prohibits trade with other countries Britain was impressing American sailors and violating America�s neutral rights. Jefferson and the Republican Congress passed the act in hopes of hurting Britain and avoiding war. Banned imports from and exports to all foreign countries. Cost American business and ship owners millions in lost profits and markets and failed to hurt Britain.

10. Europe and European Colonies (cont.) The War of 1812- �Mr. Madison�s War� Britain continued the impressment of American sailors. President Madison urged Congress to declare war. Ended with the Treaty of Ghent (1814)

11. Europe and European Colonies (cont.) Results of the War of 1812 Renewed trade with Britain New respect from other nations of the world Strong sense of patriotism (Star-spangled Banner) Andrew Jackson becomes a hero at the Battle of New Orleans (fought after the war was over!)

13. Latin America The Monroe Doctrine (1823) France, Austria, Russia and Prussia made plans to help Spain regain its American holdings, forcing President Monroe to take action. President Monroe declared that the American continents were �not to be considered for future colonization by any European powers.� No European country should interfere in United States affairs, at home or abroad.

14. Asia China (1844) U.S signed a trade agreement with the Chinese empire. Japan (1854) Japan practiced strict isolationism U.S. sends Commodore Matthew Perry and his black ships to Japan to intimidate the Japanese into opening Japan to trade with the U.S. Japan agreed to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa Opened Japan to American trade.