World Geography Ch. 5 & 6

1. World Geography Ch. 5 & 6 Ch. 5 Human Geography Ch. 6 Human Systems

2. Population • Population density – average number of people living in an area • World population is NOT spread evenly • There are 4 major regions of dense settlement • Eastern Asia • South Asia • Europe • Eastern North America

4. Population Density maps

5. Population Change • 3 factors cause change in populations. • Birthrate • Death rate • Migration • Emigrants – people who leave a country • Immigrants – people who enter a country • Natural increase - population growth based just on birthrates and death rates.

6. SECTION 1 medical advances lead to better health care, which allows people to live longer. agricultural advances lead to increased food production, which allows more people to live in an area. sanitation advances lead to cleaner living conditions, which help people stay healthy. Population Geography Reasons for Population Increases

7. Population Growth • 1 A.D. – 300 million • 1600 – 600 million • 1850 – 1.2 billion • 1930 – 2 billion • 1975 – 4 billion • Today – 7 billion • Increasing 80 million per year or 220,000 per day

8. World population map

9. Culture • Culture – all the features of a people’s way of life • Culture Traits – activities and behaviors that people do • Culture Region – an area that has many shared culture traits • Ethnic Groups – a people with common cultural background or ancestry • Culture Change • Acculturation – when one culture changes a great deal through its meeting with another culture • Innovation – new ideas that are accepted into a culture • Diffusion – an idea or innovation spreads from one person or group to another and is adopted

10. SECTION 2 governmentExample: democratic system, elected officials at local, state, and national levels religion education economy language food Culture Traits housing clothing Cultural Geography

11. Every plane trip in the world in a 24 hour period

14. Religion • Religion is a key culture trait that binds many societies together and gives meaning to people’s lives. • Ethnic religions – focus on an ethnic group • Animist religions – believe in presence of spirits and forces of nature - Usually polytheistic (belief in many gods) • Universalizing religions – Believe that their religion is for everyone and seeks converts • Christianity and Islam are the two largest. • Monotheistic religions (belief in one God)

15. Hinduism Buddhism

16. Islam

17. Judaism

18. Christianity

19. Economics • Economics is: • The study of how things are made, bought, sold, and used. • The study of how people make choices to satisfy their wants. • This includes goods (stuff) and services (things done for you) • The study of economics begins with the idea that people cannot have everything they need and want.

20. NEED • necessary for survival such as air, food, and shelter WANT • Items and services that are desired but not essential to survival

21. Different countries have different economies. • Subsistence economy – goods and services for survival • Market economy – people freely choose what to buy and sell • Free enterprise – competition determines prices • Capitalism – goods and services are privately owned • Command economy – government decides what to produce, where to make it, and what price to charge • Property is publically owned • Communism – is a command economy where the government controls all means of production

22. SECTION 1 Economic Geography Economy Motivator Description Location traditional or subsistence survival People make goods for themselves or their families with little surplus. mostly in poor countries and rural areas market profit People freely choose what to buy and sell. most of the world’s rich countries command government regulations The government establishes products, locations, and prices. communist countries

23. Subsistence Economy

24. FREE MARKET • People are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want, whenever they want, and any way they want • People can work wherever they want

25. FREE MARKET • Capitalism is another name for market economies • People enjoy a free enterprise system

26. Command Economy • Government decides what products to make, how many to make, how to make them, and who gets them • Government controls factories, farms, natural resources, transportation systems, and stores

27. Command Economy • Individual has little or no say • Soviet Union used to have this type of economy • There is no competition

28. Economic Indicators • Ways to measure economic development • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a given year. • Amount of industry • Literacy • Infrastructure • Technology

29. Developed and Developing Countries • Developed countries - the world’s wealthiest countries • Have industry, good education, etc. • Developing countries – poorer countries of the world. • ¾ of the world lives in these • Little of no industry and education, etc. • Rural people who live on subsistence farming

30. Old terminology

31. New Terminology

32. Hunting, Gathering, and Agriculture • Hunting and gathering –hunting, foraging, or collecting foods from the surrounding land. (living off the wilderness) • Agriculture – farming and animal herding (living from cultivating the land for use)

33. SECTION 2 Hunter-gatherers move with the seasons in search of food. Towns and cities grow as civilizations develop. People develop agriculture and transform their environments. Humans domesticate plants and animals. Trade between cities increases cultural diffusion. Agriculture provides surplus food and allows people to learn new crafts and skills. Urban and Rural Geography Agriculture and Human History

34. City Life • Urbanization – growth in people living in towns and cities • In developed countries about 75% of people live in cities. • In developing countries less than half of people live in cities. • As population grows so will urbanization.

36. Politics • Government is the governing body of a nation, state, or community. • How a country is run or runs itself. • Not everyone has the same type of government. • United Nations - worldwide organization that tries to settle problems among and within countries

38. SECTION 3 Political Geography Type of Boundary Description Example follow a feature of the landscape U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande natural Spain-Portugal border cultural based on cultural traits such as religion or language geometric follow regular, geometric patterns such as latitude and longitude U.S.-Canada border

39. Government and Countries • Nationalism – feeling of pride and loyalty to one’s country • Totalitarian government – government ruled by one person or a few people. (Dictator). • Democracy – people decide who will govern (majority always rules) • Republic – The people elect representatives who govern the nation (Rule of Law) • The United States is a Democratic Republic. • The majority elects officials, but individual rights are protected by the Constitution.