Writing Workshop

1. Writing Workshop The Tools of Poetry

2. Alliteration • Vigorous Verbs • Repetition • Rhyme • Rhythm and Meter • Onomatopoeia The Sounds of Words

3. Is the pattern made when two or more words begin with the same consonant sound within the same or adjacent lines. • Alliteration is useful in poetry because it adds to the rhythm of written and spoken language. • Alliteration is a very obvious device and should be used with restraint, especially when the topic or subject of the poem is serious. Alliteration

4. Once upon a midnight dreary while I pondered weak and weary rare and radiant maiden And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, / Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before. The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcqPQXqQXzI

5. Your task: • You will be assigned a letter of the alphabet. • Using a dictionary, I want you to generate an interesting list of words that begin with that letter on a piece of looseleaf. • I want you to now write an “Alliterative poem” using these words. The poem itself needs to be put together in a way that is rhythmical (must have a beat), but topics do not need to make “sense”. Alliterative Poems

6. Musical Language is made up of words that are used on purpose for their meaning, sound and relationship to other words in a poem. • We often see musical language like vigorous verbs used with literary devices such as invented words and onomatopoeia. Musical Language

7. The turkey shot out of the ovenand rocketed into the air,it knocked every plate off the tableand partly demolished a chair. It ricocheted into a cornerand burst with a deafening boom,then splattered all over the kitchen,completely obscuring the room. It stuck to the walls and the windows,it totally coated the floor,there was turkey attached to the ceiling,where there'd never been turkey before. It blanketed every appliance,it smeared every saucer and bowl,there wasn't a way I could stop it,that turkey was out of control. I scraped and I scrubbed with displeasure,and thought with chagrin as I mopped,that I'd never again stuff a turkeywith popcorn that hadn't been popped. Vigorous Verbs – The Turkey Shot Out of the Oven by Jack Prelutsky

8. The purposeful re-use of words and phrases for an effect or emphasis. • Example: I was glad; so very, very glad. Repetition

9. And I had done a hellish thing, And it would work 'em woe: For all averred, I had killed the bird That made the breeze to blow. Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay, That made the breeze to blow! Nor dim nor red, like God's own head, The glorious Sun uprist: Then all averred, I had killed the bird That brought the fog and mist. 'Twas right, said they, such birds to slay, That bring the fog and mist. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGH4p4z4s5A The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner - Coleridge

10. Device most commonly associated with poetry. Words that have different beginning sounds but whose endings sound alike, including the final vowel sound and everything following it, are said to rhyme. There are variations on rhyme (see handout). • Is a part of interesting poetry; what is important to remember is NOT to sacrifice meaning and rhythm for the sake of rhymes. • Good rhyming poetry usually has a good rhythm (or beat) as well. • Rhyme patterns – some poetry has what is called a “rhyming scheme”. This is a fancy way of saying a rhyming pattern. Rhyme

11. I do not like green eggs and ham! I do not like them Sam-I-Am. I do not like them with a fox. I would not like them in a box. I would not like them here or there. I do not like them anywhere. Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss

13. Rhythmis the beat of the words or language in a poem (written or spoken). • Rhythm distinguishes poetry from prose. • The repetition of sounds, words and ideas adds to the power and precision of poetry. • Rhythm is the organization of speech patterns (verbal stresses) into a regular pattern of accented syllables separated by unaccented syllables. • Example: i THOUGHT i SAW a PUDdyTAT! i DID i DID! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8v3jVmTOCc4 Rhythm

14. Bye, baby bunting, Daddy's gone a - hunting, Gone to get a rabbit skin To wrap baby bunting in. Daddy's Gone A Hunting by Mother Goose

15. Buddy you're a boy make a big noise Playin' in the street gonna be a big man some day You got mud on yo' face You big disgrace Kickin' your can all over the place Singin' We will we will rock you We will we will rock you Buddy you're a young man hard man Shoutin' in the street gonna take on the world some day You got blood on yo' face You big disgrace Wavin' your banner all over the place We will we will rock you (Sing it!) We will we will rock you http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMLiqEqMQyQ We Will Rock You by Queen

16. Patterns in rhythm are referred to as meter. • Meter is the organization of voice patterns, in terms of both the arrangement of stresses and their frequency of repetition per line of verse. • Poetry is organized by the division of each line into “feet” - metric units which each consist of one strong stress and one weak stress. • meter is measured by the number of feet in a line. • Feet are named by Greek prefix number words attached to the word “meter”. • For example: Pentameter (penta=5) would mean that lines in the poem would have 5 feet in each. Meter

17. Scansion is the conscious measure of the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. • Stressed syllables are labeled with an accent mark: / • Unstressed syllables are labeled with a dash: -- • Metrical feet may be two to three syllables in length, and are divided by slashes: | • See handout pg. 3 for rhyme pattern names and labeling. Scansion

18. Most common pattern is Iambic Pentameter – known as a walking rhythm – the same pattern Shakespeare used in his plays and sonnets. • In iambic pentameter each line consists of ten syllables. The syllables are divided into five pairs called iambs or iambic feet. An iamb is a metrical unit made up of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. • An example of an iamb would be “good BYE”. • A line of iambic pentameter flows like this: baBOOM/ baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM / baBOOM Iambic Pentameter

19. When I / do COUNT / the CLOCK / that TELLS / the TIME (Sonnet 12) • When IN / dis GRACE / with FOR / tune AND / men’s EYESI ALL / a LONE / be WEEP / my OUT/ cast STATE (Sonnet 29) • Shall I / com PARE/ thee TO / a SUM / mer’s DAY? Thou ART / more LOVE / lyAND / more TEM / per ATE (Sonnet 18) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AfeHREVp4I Examples of Iambic Pentameter

20. Words that sound like the actions or sounds they represent. Examples: • Bang • RRiiippp • Buzz • Hiss • Crackle • Gurgle Onomatopoeia

21. Joan was quizzical; Studied pataphysicalScience in the home.Late nights all alone with a test tube.Oh, oh, oh, oh.Maxwell Edison, majoring in medicine,Calls her on the phone."Can I take you out to the pictures,Joa, oa, oa, oan?"But as she's getting ready to go,A knock comes on the door.Bang! Bang! Maxwell's silver hammerCame down upon her head.Clang! Clang! Maxwell's silver hammerMade sure that she was dead. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpCV2wgoxC8 Maxwell’s Silver Hammer by the Beatles

22. Match the following sentences to the onomatopoeia that describes them. Your task - Onomatopoetry: Using only onomatopoeia, write a poem about a typical school day.

23. WRITER’S RESPONSE

24. Figurative Language – poets use devices such as these to create images by making comparisons that lead us to see things in new ways. • Allusion • Analogy • Irony • Metaphor • Personification • Simile • Symbol The Meaning of Words

25. A brief reference to some person, historical event, work of art, or Biblical or mythological situation or character. • Example: Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen • DULCE ET DECORUM EST - the first words of a Latin saying (taken from an ode by Horace). The words were widely understood and often quoted at the start of the First World War. They mean "It is sweet and right." The full saying ends the poem: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori - it is sweet and right to die for your country. In other words, it is a wonderful and great honour to fight and die for your country. Allusion

26. Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs,And towards our distant rest began to trudge.Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots,But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hootsOf gas-shells dropping softly behind.Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!—An ecstasy of fumblingFitting the clumsy helmets just in time,But someone still was yelling out and stumblingAnd flound’ring like a man in fire or lime.—Dim through the misty panes and thick green light,As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.In all my dreams before my helpless sight,He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.If in some smothering dreams, you too could paceBehind the wagon that we flung him in,And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin;If you could hear, at every jolt, the bloodCome gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,Bitter as the cudOf vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,—My friend, you would not tell with such high zestTo children ardent for some desperate glory,The old Lie: Dulce et decorum estPro patria mori. http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/owen1.html#READINGS Dulce Et Decorum Est by Owen

27. A comparison, usually something unfamiliar with something familiar. • Example: The plumbing took a maze of turns where even water got lost. Your task: Write me an analogy in your Writer’s Notebook. Analogy

28. A contradictory statement or situation to reveal a reality different from what appears to be true. Irony

29. A direct comparison between two unlike things, stating that one is the other or does the action of the other. Example: He is clown shoes. Your task: Write me a metaphor in your Writer’s Notebook. Metaphor

30. My life is a stereo how loud does it go What songs do I know What happened to my plans What ever happened to the life I thought I'd have My life is a stereo kind of cheaply made though How bad does it show what ever happened to my friends What ever happened to the likes of all of them My life is a stereo turn me on and let's go Turn me up louder I'll scream as loud and clear as I Can scream if you like what your hearing hang on to me Stereo – the Watchmen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hlwcFGqVK0 Stereo by the Watchmen

31. Attributing human characteristics to an inanimate object, animal, or abstract idea. Examples: • The sun danced across the sky on the hot summer day. Your task: Circle the action, underline the object for the following: • The days crept by slowly, sorrowfully. Personification

32. A direct comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as”. Example: I’m strong, like bull – smart, like streetcar. Your task: In your notebook write a simile comparing something in this classroom to something or someone else in the classroom. Simile

33. An ordinary object, event, animal or person to which we have attached extraordinary meaning and significance – a flag to represent a country, a lion to represent courage, a wall to symbolize separation. Your task: Write a list of as many symbols you can think of in your notebooks. Share your ideas with the class. Symbol

34. POINT OF VIEW

35. Point of View • Line • Stanza • Form • Open • Closed (Fixed) – Haiku, Ballad, Concrete, Cinquain, Lyric, Sonnet • Free verse • Blank verse • Couplet • Rhyme Scheme Arranging the Words

36. The poet’s point of view concentrates on the perspective of the speaker or teller of story in the poem. • Remember that no text is neutral, so point of view is in poetry for a purpose - to reveal the poet’s stance on an issue. • Point of view is considered the poem’s “voice” – the pervasive presence behind the poem. The voice is sometimes called “persona”. • As in short stories; point of view can be in 1st, 3rd limited or 3rd omniscient person. Point of View

37. I'm writing "young and gifted" In my autobiography I figured, who would know Better than me I'm certainly the former But I'm not so much the latter But no one's gonna read it So I'm sure it doesn't matter When you find that you're the former Take pride in how you form And when you find that you're the ladder Don't let those people walk under you I'm writing "sharp and adult" With my finger on the steam On the mirror in my bathroom While I'm applying shaving cream Which would suggest that I'm the foamer But how can I be the lather And something tells me It's the opposite I'd rather When you find that you're the foamerBe careful what you foam When you find that you're the lather Don't shave too high, you'll regret it later La lalala I've stayed in school this long But still no one will tell me why They figured who would know Better than II know I'm a conformer But I'm sure it doesn't matter My new friends are all adults And my old friends all have scattered When you find you're a conformer Take pride and swallow whole But if you're trying to climb the ladder Don't let people walk over you Because that's just what they'll do Don't let people walk over you Because that's just what they'll do Autobiography by Sloan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpC_7Yiy85Y

38. The line is fundamental to the perception of poetry, marking an important visual distinction from prose. • Poetry is arranged in a series of units that do not necessarily correspond to sentences, but rather a series of metrical feet. • Generally a line of poetry is printed as one single line on the page. If it occupies more than one line, its remainder is usually indented to indicate that the line continues. • There is a natural tendency when reading poetry to pause at the end of a line, but we should follow punctuation to find where natural pauses should occur. • The white space between (or included) in the line of poetry can be almost as important as the words themselves. • A poet determines where to break lines in order to create the most effective rhythm, or sound. Line

39. On this slide is a poem that does not have any line breaks. It is written as a paragraph. Compare this paragraph’s shape to that of the poem on the next slide. Write down – How are they different? How does the shape impact our appreciation of this poem? Life is a garden Life is a garden good friends are the flowers and times spent together life's happiest hours...and friendship like flowers blooms ever more fair when carefully tended by dear friends who care. • Helen Steiner Rice Compare the Shape

40. Life is a garden Life is a garden,Good friends are the flowers,And times spent together,Life's happiest hours,...And friendship like flowers,Blooms ever more fair,When carefully tended,By dear friends who care. • Helen Steiner Rice

41. A division of a poem created by arranging the lines into a unit, often repeated in the same pattern of meter and rhyme throughout the poem. • A unit of poetic lines that comes in a variety of forms – the “paragraph” of the poetic world. Stanza (not Danza, Tony)

42. The pattern established by the arrangement of rhymes in a stanza or poem. • Matched letters when labeling a rhyme scheme indicate that those particular lines rhyme. Rhyme Scheme

43. Whose woods these are I think I know - aHis house is in the village though - aHe will not see me stopping here - bTo watch his woods fill up with snow -a rhyme scheme: a-a-b-a Let me not in the marriage of true minds - aadmit impediments love is not love - bwhen it alters when it alteration finds - aor bends with the remover to remove - brhyme scheme: a-b-a-b tiger, tiger burning bright - ain the forest of the night - awhat immortal hand or eye - bcould frame thy fearful symmetry - brhyme scheme: a-a-b-b Rhyme Scheme

44. Poetry can take many different forms depending on the impression the poet wishes to make. • Open • Closed (Fixed) – Ballad, Concrete, Haiku, Cinquain, Lyric, Sonnet • Free verse • Blank verse • Couplet Form

45. Poetic form free from regularity and consistency in elements such as rhyme, line length, and metrical form. • Example: A Noiseless Patient Spider by Walt Whitman A noiseless patient spider, I marked where on a little promontory it stood isolated, Marked how to explore the vacant vast surrounding, It launched forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them. And you O my soul where you stand, Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space, Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them, Till the bridge you will need to be formed, till the ductile anchor hold, Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul. Open Form

46. Poetry can take many different forms according to the impression the poet wants to make. • A poet needs to determine where to break lines in order to create the most effective rhythm and sound. • Closed or Fixed Form is when a poem is subject to a set structure and pattern of meter, rhyme scheme, stanza form and refrain (if there is one). Closed (Fixed) Form

47. A Japanese form of poetry consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. • The elusive flavor of the form, however, lies more in its touch and tone than in its syllabic structure. • Haiku are very brief descriptions of nature that convey some implicit insight or essence of the moment. Your task: Using the handout, create your own Haiku. Haiku

49. A narrative poem. • Written as a series of quatrains (4 line stanzas). • Lines contain alternating meters – one line has iambic tetrameter (4 feet), the next, iambic trimeter (3 feet) • Has an abab acac rhyming scheme. • Often includes a refrain (repeated stanza at the end). • Story of the ballad often deals with folklore or legend; usually suitable for singing. Ballad

50. Refrain: The ship set ground on the shore of this uncharted desert isle With Gilligan The Skipper too, The millionaire and his wife, The movie star The professor and Mary Ann, Here on Gilligans Isle. Just SIT right BACK and you’ll HEAR a TALE, A TALE of a FATEful TRIP That STARTed FROM this TROPic PORT A-BOARD this TIny SHIP. The mate was a mighty sailing man, The skipper brave and sure. Five passengers set sail that day For a three hour tour, a three hour tour. The weather started getting rough, The tiny ship was tossed, If not for the courage of the fearless crew The minnow would be lost, the minnow would be lost. Gilligan’s Island Theme Songhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfSLuEj99d0