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The English Colonize the New World

The English Colonize the New World. Or “ They ’ re All Gonna Die ”. The System of Empire. Empire is an expanding nation. more land = more power European countries began taking over areas in the Americas, Africa, and Asia to satisfy their need for more land

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The English Colonize the New World

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  1. The English Colonize the New World Or “They’re All Gonna Die”

  2. The System of Empire • Empire is an expanding nation. • more land = more power • European countries began taking over areas in the Americas, Africa, and Asia to satisfy their need for more land • The area taken over became a colonyof the parent country

  3. Europe, 1580- The “Big Three” and their relationship to America • 1. Spain- ruled the Caribbean, had decided to stick to the Caribbean on the Atlantic Coast • 2. France- Kept to North (Canada), wanted to fish and trade for furs • 3. England- had recently conquered Ireland, now turned to the New World • Problem- The English Crown lacked the money to finance expeditions to the Americas • issued licenses and grants to private companies (most led by “West Country Men”) • rich men from the southwestern counties of England- very patriotic and anti-Catholic • led the conquest of Ireland and acquired influence within the English Royal Court

  4. Problems in England • Poverty & UNEMPLOYMENT • vagrancy • Crime • STARVATION • 5% of the population was nobility, 95% was the common people • most were “working poor” • population- 3 million in 1500, 4 million in 1600, 5 million in 1550 • Population boom = STARVATION

  5. [background] • Enclosure- ½ of rural peasantry was kicked off land between 1530-1630 • “sturdy beggars” roamed England in search of work, gravitated to the cities

  6. Why come to the New World?The Argument for COLONIZATION • Colonization was a necessity for England. • To keep up with Spain. • To stop starvation, English farmers could grow food in the Americas. • Huge unemployment in England

  7. [background] • Roanoke, Virginia- 1585 • sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh • settled 100 colonists on small island off the coast of North Carolina • The Spanish-English War prevented any otherships from accessing it for three years. • When they arrived… the settlement was abandoned. • Known as “The Lost Colonists”

  8. [background] • 1587- 2nd try • 94 colonists, 17 women and children • supposed to land farther north, but ship captains dumped them off at Roanoke • English attention turned to the Spanish and their armada • leader returned in 1590, settlers were all gone

  9. Jamestown • 1607- 3rd try- Jamestown • invest in colonization! • created the Virginia Company in 1606, King James granted them a charter to colonize, govern Virginia

  10. landed in April of 1607, 3 ships and 104 men • nine months later, 38 left • Why?

  11. Jamestown • Looked for treasure instead of building shelter, planting food • Located next to a swamp, James River • bred millions of mosquitoes each year- malaria and yellow fever • River contained brackish water (part salty, part fresh) • River did not run fast during summer, early fall, retained garbage and excrement • led to dysentery and typhoid • Did not want to work- population was a mix of “rich boys” and “sturdy poor” that had no experience with work

  12. Early Years • Many died from disease, starvation, or war with Natives. • John Smith kept the colony together with military expertise and leadership. • 1609- only 53 people are left • Another English ship arrives • Unfortunately it has 400 more settlers without any supplies.

  13. The “Starving Time” • Smith leaves as winter arrives • 450 colonists destroy the town for firewood • Watch a clip from “The New World” (2005)

  14. Jamestown Cash Crop: Tobacco • -John Rolfe obtained tobacco seeds from Spanish colonies in the Caribbean and South America • Jamestown soil was perfect for tobacco • -Profitable b/c tobacco was heavily used in England. • Part of Rolfe’s Virginia Company Joint-Stock Company agreement with the King of England

  15. 1613- Colonists captured Pocahontas, converted her to Christianity • married John Rolfe in 1614

  16. Death in Virginia

  17. Good Friday, 1622- Indians killed 1/3 of colonists in Virginia

  18. -By the late 1620’s, 1.5 million pounds of tobacco a year were being exported. • Demand for labor causes the Headright System to develop- 1618 • Each person = 50 acres of land • People work as indentured servants in exchange for passage to America • Servitude-usually 4-7 years

  19. Maryland • Maryland: begun in 1634 as a place for English Catholics and profit • Proprietor- Lord Baltimore • Catholic “nobles” surrounded by resentful protestant settlers • Grew tobacco • Toleration Act 1649- granted religious freedom to all Christians- death to Jews and anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus

  20. Carolina • Created in 1663- granted to 8 proprietors, “Lords Proprietors” • Wanted to grow supplies for West Indies islands- Barbados • Early settlers came from West Indies, bring slave system with them • Enslaved and imported Native Americans • Major cash crop- rice • Charles Town- largest city in the South, diverse- English, French Protestants • North Carolina broke off in 1712

  21. Georgia • Founded in 1733 as proprietary colony • -James Oglethorpe • -goals- produce silk, wine • -haven for “debtors” instead of prison • -no alcohol, slavery • Diverse population, (no Catholics allowed) • By 1750- large plantations, slaves, alcohol

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