Overview of Revenue Department & General services

1. Overview of Revenue Department & General services PralhadKachare Deputy Commissioner,Pune pkachare@gmail.com

2. Welcome All toMaharashtra State Civil Service pkachare@gmail.com

3. Historical Background • The office of Collector was created for the first time by the Government of Warren Hastings on 14th May, 1772. • The Revenue Department was formed under the orders of the Court of Directors of the East India Company from 1st January, 1779. • The Divisional Commissioners was appointed for the first time in 1829. • The cadre of Deputy Collectors was created under Regulation IX of 1833 by Lord William Bentinck. pkachare@gmail.com

4. Historical Background.... • Initially the Collector was only for collection of land revenue. Gradually, control of law and order and tax collection were combined because the peasantry agitated against the undue burden of tax. This combination made Collector a very powerful institution as described by Lord Macauly in his famous speech: • “Such a power as that which Collectors in India have over the people in India, is not found in any other part of the world possessed by any class of functionaries. • The truth is that the Collector of Revenues in many parts of India is the sole consul of a great province, the district assigned to him being about the size of one of the four provinces of Ireland, and the population therein probably about one million of human beings. • In all that district, there is not a single village, there is not a single hut, in which the difference between a good and a bad Collector may not make the difference between happiness and misery.” pkachare@gmail.com

5. Post Independence • The Indian Civil Service is replaced by Indian Administrative Service. • Free India adopted the constitution and move towards a welfare state. • The transition from Regulatory to Welfare State transforms the role of Revenue Department. pkachare@gmail.com

6. Changes in the Functioning of Revenue Dept. The changes in the functioning of Revenue Department have been appropriately described by Heble Committee on Administrative Reorganisation 1971- • “ Historically, the Collector started as a Revenue Officer when the Administration was centred around the collection of Land Revenue, the developments that have since taken place have overshadowed his role as a Revenue Officer and today he is principally the officer in charge of general administration in the District. • It would in fact, be more appropriate to call him a District Administrator or Collector and District Administrator. “It is necessary that Government should make it clear once for all in un-equivocal terms that the Collector is not merely a District Revenue Officer but is the General District Administrator for Government whose role as Revenue Official is subordinate to his role as District Administrator.” pkachare@gmail.com

7. Overview of Revenue Department • RevenueDepartment • Revenue Administration • Land Records Department • Relief & Rehabilitation • Relief & Rehabilitation • Registration and Stamp Duty • Forest Department • Land Acquisition pkachare@gmail.com

8. The Organisational Structure of Revenue Department Principal Secretary (Revenue) The Divisional Commissioner/ Settlement Commissioner The Collector (District) Additional Collector (District) Assistant and Dy. Collectors (Sub Division) Tahsildars (Taluka level) NaibTahsildar Circle Officer (For Circles) Talathi (Saza) Kotwal (Village Level) pkachare@gmail.com

9. Work distribution between Collector & Additional Collector Cadre of Additional Collector was created in 1992. Additional Collector is a senior officer from State Civil Service Government revised the list of subject distribution in 2012 vide GR dated 29.03.2012. The Collector assigned 39 subjects mainly including General Establishment, Law and Order, Civil Supply, Land Acquisition, Election, Rehabilitation, Disaster Management, Municipal Administration etc. The Additional Collector assigned 39 subjects mainly including recovery of all Government taxes, Entertainment Duty, Minor Minerals, Field Inspection, Soldier Welfare Board, Extension of Gaothan, all Court work etc. pkachare@gmail.com

10. Changes in the functioning of Revenue Dept... The Collector is a Chairman of more than 171 Committees. The Collector administers more than 170 Acts. Out of this acts the following land laws are more important and their in-depth study is essential: -State Legislation The Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966 The Maharashtra Agricultural Lands (Ceiling on Holdings) Act, 1961 The Maharashtra Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 The Bombay Entertainment Duty Act, 1923 The Minor Mineral (Extraction) Rules The Bombay Prevention of Fragmentation & Consolidation of Holdings Act, 1947 pkachare@gmail.com

11. Changes in the functioning of Revenue Dept... State Legislation.... The Bombay Stamp Act, 1958 The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act, 1966. The Maharashtra Housing & Area Development Act, 1976 (MHADA) The Development Control Regulations, 1991 Central Legislation The Registration Act, 1908 The Environment Protection Act, 1986: Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ) The Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 The Land Acquisition Act, 1984 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. pkachare@gmail.com

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16. RELIEF & REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT Organisation Chart • At Mantralaya Level • - One Secretary (Rehabilitation ) • - One Joint Secretary (Rehabilitation of Project Affected Persons ) • - Four Desks headed by Under Secretary/Desk Officer • At Divisional Level • - Divisional Commissioner is assisted by • - Deputy Commissioner (Rehabilitation) having supporting staff. • At District Level : • -District Collector is assisted by District -Rehabilitation Officer (Deputy Collector or -Tahsildar Cadre Officer ) having supporting staff. pkachare@gmail.com

17. ORGANISATION CHART: REGISTRATION DEPT. The Registration Department of Maharashtra has its head office situated at Pune. • The Inspector General of Registration (IGR) is the head of the department. • IGR is also the Chief Controller of Stamps for the state. • He is assisted by the Dy. IGR HQ. The DIG’s post is a purely administrative post and he is responsible for smooth functioning of the department within his division which comprises of a few districts. • At district level, the department’s representative is the Joint District Registrar (JDR) . • He is also the Collector of Stamps for that district. • The Sub-registrar (SR) works under the JDR. Office of the Sub-registrar is the place where all the registration work is done. • This is the office which has maximum interface with the common public and obviously the revenue earner for the department. pkachare@gmail.com

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20. Overview of Revenue Department A transition in process from Governing for regulation to Governing for results pkachare@gmail.com

21. Revenue Department is changing • Introduction • “We cannot become what we need to be by remaining what we are” (Max Depree) • “It is not the strongest of the species thatsurvive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change” (Charles Darwin ) pkachare@gmail.com

22. Suvarna Jayanti Rajaswa Abhiyan This programme has been described in detail in GR dated 13.04.2011, 04.07.2012 and 18.07.2013. The important features of SJRA includes: - Organising camps for granting various certificates. - Removal of encroachments on farm roads. - Ferfar(Mutation) Adalat. - Samadhan Yojana - eChavdi - Chavdi Vachan - Updation of Record of Rights. - Mahsool Adalat. - Convergence of various departments/ programmes in the camps organise by Revenue Department. pkachare@gmail.com

23. National Land Records Modernisation Programme. (NLRMP) e-Chavdi e-Mutation e-Mojani Scanning of Records Degitisation of Cadastral Maps Modernisation of record rooms Resurvey of land pkachare@gmail.com

24. Other recent important decisions taken by Revenue Department Simplification- Domicile certificate not required for admission to higher education institutions. Reorganisation of sub-divisions- One SDO for Two Talukas. Grant of Bhumiswami status to Bhumidhari farmers. Return of land to Khandakari farmers. Policy regarding renewal of NAZUL Lands. Policy regarding renewal of long term leases in Mumbai. No prior Permission required for NA use up to 40sq.mtrs (430.56 sq.ft.) in rural areas (Section 44 of MLRC, 1966) (G.R.dated 13.9.2012) pkachare@gmail.com

25. Other important decisions taken by Revenue Department during the last 3 years..... No prior permission required to sell/transfer land under Section 43 of BTAL Act 1958, if tenancy right granted for more than ten years. (GR dated 7.5.2014) Section 37 of MLRC amended to capture FSI/TDR, Power of Attorney, unearned income. However, this bill is awaiting approval of Hon’ble President. The Entertainment Duty Act amended to bring alongwith the cable operators, the Multi System Operators (MSOs) within ambit of Section 2 to 5 of Entertainment Duty Act 1923 and also accordingly in the rules. If Farmers land is acquired for public purpose, he will retain the status of farmer for his entire life and also his heirs.-Section 63 of BTAL Act 1958. (GR dated 30.5.2014) Amendment to Section 150 of MLRC- Notice is not required to be given to the parties signing a registered deed regarding party, thereby avoiding duplication of work and expediting process of mutation. This bill sanctioned by both the houses of legislature and is under further process. pkachare@gmail.com

26. Revenue Department The Revenue Department is the oldest arm of the Governments existing from times immemorial in the Country. Prime domain of the State The history of mankind is intimately associated with land relationship. pkachare@gmail.com

27. History of Land Revenue System in India

28. Evolution of Revenue System • Revenue Administration was started by Sher Shah Suri (1540-45). • It was continued and improved upon under the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akber (1556-1605). • Todar Mal - greatest revenue expert who started his career under Sher Shah Suri joined in the service of Akbar, is remembered even to this day for evolving a system of revenue assessment and survey, • a system which drew a balance between the demands of the State and needs of the subjects.

29. Talati, the village accountant (variously known as Kulkarni, Patwari, Karnam ,Patel, Karnam, Adhikari, Shanbogaru, etc.)  pkachare@gmail.com

30. System of Land Revenue in British India Three major systems of land revenue collection existed in India Zaminidari 1793 -BeBi 57% Ryotwari 38% MBA Mahalwari 5% NW-CP-PunjabGangetic Valley 1840 and 1850 in Madras Presidency in 1792 and in Bombay Presidency in 1817-18. pkachare@gmail.com

31. ZamindariSystem Lord Cornwallis comes with a novel idea: just ‘outsource’ the tax collection work to desi-middlemen: Zamindars, Jagirdar, Inamdars, Lambardar etc. pkachare@gmail.com

32. Ryotwari System Major-generalSir Thomas Munro • Ownership rights were handed over to the • peasants. • British Government • collected taxes directly • from the peasants. The revenue rates of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in irrigated land. pkachare@gmail.com

33. Mahalwari System Mahalwari system had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari System Land divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprised one or more villages. Ownership rights were vested with the peasants. The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes. pkachare@gmail.com

34. The term is of Mughal origin made of 2 different words "Tehsil+Dar". • "Tehsil", an Islamic word derived from Arabic, means "Revenue collection" and • "Dar", Persian means "holder of a position", • together these 2 words make the word Tehsildar which simply means a Tax Collector. pkachare@gmail.com

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