Russian globalization discourse.

1. Russian globalization discourse. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Understanding Globalization Key Questions for Regional Politics • National Research University - Higher School of Economics / Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia Bozen / Bolzano 2019 Marina Kukartseva (Glaser)

2. Introduction • “Inclusiveness and complexity of changes (all parameters of social structures change); • The juxtaposition of the universal and the local; • Hybridization of culture, i.e. the process of constructing (often artificial) cultural phenomena from previously incompatible components; • Recognition of civil society as the only form of social orderliness of a global community.” (Pokrovskiy, 2013)

3. stages of globalization • from the ancient world, where globalization processes were implemented in the form of exchanges; • from XV – XVI centuries: the emergence of a global capitalist market economy and the beginning of Western colonization; • from the 17th century - a violation of the political, military, economic, and civilizational balance, expressed in the fact that if earlier “Europeans admired Chinese and, to a certain extent, Persian and Arab civilizations, now they are considered inferior”; (Iggers, Wang, Mukherjee, 2016; Osterhammel, Peterson, 2005;) • from the end of World War II and “the emergence of financial capitalism with virtually no national borders, “magdonalization” of catering systems, Hollywood films, jeans and pop music”. (Rirzer, 2011)

4. However, how to understand the key result of globalization? • “One of the biggest disappointments of our time is that globalization did not lead to intellectual diversity, did not generate pluralism of opinions. On the contrary, we see that the whole world begins to behave as a centralized system: society is being clustered, a division into “us” and “them” arises. Instead of the proclaimed freedom of opinions, such a situation is created which resembles life in a totalitarian state: there are official opinions that you have to share, otherwise you will become an outcast • Taleb Nassim (2017

5. globalizationfromwithin ( U. Beck, 1999) • This means undermining and transforming the political culture of society, its values, family, structures of everyday life, personal orientations to satisfy some universal standards, most often understood today as normative rational, liberal values.

6. globalization from outside (Giddens, 1990), • Giddens, theorizing about the society of risk, accentuated globalization from outside (Giddens, 1990), which means the conversion of states behavior in big politics and the global economy that corresponds to the dominant world macro trends.

7. key questions of the research: • 1. To what extent is Russia inscribed in a certain meaning and logic of what is happening in modern society, or does it act irrationally, leading itself into the trap of rationality? • 2. To what extent is modern Russia ready to take part in the formation of a new world system or, at a minimum, neutralize the unprofitable consequences of its emergence? • 3. What are the peculiarities of Russia as a variant of the general state of the world community?

8. Research methodology • the methodology of archival research M. Foucault. (Foucault, 1972). On the basis of identifying the discursive facts of such speech produced by society, the Russian discursive practice of the West has been reconstructed. • The power of discourse means that certain meanings are built into a particular public context as “conventional wisdom.” This dominant knowledge simultaneously marginalizes or excludes an alternative understanding of the world.

9. IThe discourse of the Russian idea: from dialogue with the West to its rejection • Discursive become sources of the legitimacy of globalization (for example, market discourses, freedom, security, sustainability of economic development, high tech, • and sources of attacks on it, for example, discourses of Russophobia, color revolutions, «their morals» , in an attempt to delegitimize the modern global / neoliberal world

10. Firstly, • due to different western/European and Russian vision of the ways how to build a universal civilization.

11. As a geographically localized image, Europe was understood by the Russian intellectual elite as the most desirable socio-cultural ideal. It was a period of Russia’s openness to Europe, a thirst for dialogue with it, in the course of which the truth should have opened for both sides This generic trauma of Russian thought was even more deepened by the well-known controversy between Slavophils and Westerners.

12. This dispute showed that Europe for Russia was something absolutely necessary to strive for, and when achieved, immediately it should have been adapted for its own needs. In the course of this dispute, it turned out that Russia does not explain the world in terms of the purely Weber’s concept of rationality and in the notions of liberalism, especially in its Anglo-Saxon variant

13. Secondly, • in Russia there exists a particular opinion on the essence of a person, church and society, which is fundamentally different from the Western one. • The Russians and the West have their own Europe.

14. Europe failed to resolve the main dilemma of European civilization – what is more important: personal freedom (German beginning of the European world) or order (Roman beginning of the European world)? How to combine them only with a help of mind?

15. “Moral values have enormous power to influence people's behavior, while underestimation and, moreover, ignoring this fact can only indicate the immaturity of those political forces which manifest them”. (Pokrovsky, 2003) In Russia, people are the bearer of these values — the substance of history and state, and, in the modern history of Russia, according to Surkov — deep-rooted people as the basis of "Putinism

16. Thirdly, • in Russia, however, as in many other countries, including the West itself, there is a situation with the absence of clear knowledge: the philosophy of liberalism mixes up in the minds of some intellectuals as well as the population with the economic liberalization of the 1990s, and the political doctrine of the neoliberalism of the 2000s and with a failure to understand that in normative political philosophy, liberalism has given up its position to neo-republicanism

17. IIRussian discourse of globalization from within or cellular globalization (cellular globalization) • - an advanced consumer • who lives from one pleasure to another, building his house and raising his children. It is unlikely that such kind of a basic motivation can be immediately replaced by another one; • - “an iron warrior who says that we were born not for pleasure, not for traveling, but for seeking rapture in battle”.No ban on leaving the country for large categories of citizens, complication of all things related to crossing the border, the course of self-isolation, a television message on the dangers of pineapples and the benefits of sauerkraut cannot do this.

19. - • the thief of Europe, • almost free from the fascination of Europe and almost began to live with his mind. Almost means that mental dependence on Europe remains, the Russian accepts a basic set of European liberal ideas that make up the key mechanism of modern politics, namely, freedom of thought and action, the ability to combine their freedom with the freedom of others through meaningful norms, striving for the best, decent lifestyle, pluralism and social cooperation

20. On the 28-29 2018. of April The Public Opinion Foundation hold survey in 53 regions of Russia among 1,5 thousand respondents.Question № 1 - "In your opinion how is Russia being treated in the world nowadays – in a positive or in a negative way?"47% believe that the attitude is negative, 40% - positive, and 13% could not answer.

21. Question № 2 "In your opinion, recently the attitude towards Russia in the world has become better, worse or remained the same?"

23. The poll "FOMnibus" held on January 13-14, 2019 showed slightly different results • Russia is a free country • 58% 2018= 53%- 2019= • Russia is considered a rich country • 64% 64%

24. Russian globalization discourse outside • Liberals (optimists) want to turn Russia into an integral part of the West; • realists — statists — in the influential center of the polycentric world; • nationalists (pessimists) are ideologists of right antiglobalism, they want an alliance with traditional right-wing in Europe.

25. . • First, largely due to the course on containment of Russia • In the 1990s, this course was understood as the process of "westernization" of Russia and the imposition of an underpart mission on it. The most important part of this project was the further spreading of the western liberal norms of political and social life thereon.

26. In June 2008, during his visit to Berlin, President Medvedev mentioned in his speech: “As a result of the end of the Cold War, conditions arose for establishing genuinely equal cooperation between Russia, Europe and North America, as the three branches of European civilization. I am convinced that “atlantism” as the only principle has historically outlived itself. Now we should talk about the unity of the entire Euro-Atlantic space — from Vancouver to Vladivostok

27. Therefore, in the very same 2008, Foreign Minister S. Lavrov first used the term “big Russian civilization” — being different from the western one, he stressed that “competition becomes truly global, acquiring civilizational dimensions, that is, values and development models have become the subject of competition”.

28. The second reason for Russia's realistic approach to building its foreign policy in a globalized world the decline of the Western and liberal global hegemony itself.

29. The symptoms of the crisis: • 1) A threat to values, which can involve a threat to human life, property, the economy, state integrity and many other examples. • 2) The element of uncertainty is present, the shortage of reliable information and the often rapid pace of events make the ability to predict what is going to happen next very difficult, which can raise the perceived levels of risk and threat being faced. • 3) Time constraint : the longer a crisis event continues the more damage is done, which necessitates a rapid resolution in order to ensure a speedier and effective recovery process in the road back to ‘normality’

30. The third reason for Russia's realistic approach to building its foreign policy in a globalized world- • - The unity of the Western community is no longer an axiom, although it is unlikely to see the erosion of the community of the West and its institutions. Most likely, there will be a readjustment of relations within this community. The current global context of the debate on the challenge to US global hegemony.

31. Russia sees how much the world community is tired from the US colonial logic, blackmail, power and economic pressure, while in Russia it only strengthens the sentiments of anti-Americanism . It is completely wrong to assume that Russia wants to build a world order centered on Moscow. Russia, posses the genome of global responsibility no less than the United States

32. We need to avoid the exaltation of specificity and the exaltation of globalism without borders as the main dangers to the positive, stable development of world politics

33. The fourth reason for Russia's realistic approach to building its foreign policy in a globalized world is economic reality

34. By 2019, the characteristics of the Russian economics are the following • “Developing” — Russia's share in world GDP, in 2017 growth was about 2%, in 2018 — 1.9%, in 2019 — 1.4-1.5% • “Adaptational” — inflation of up to 3.4% in December 2018. In 2019 “up to 4.3% y/y in December after passing the peak value of 5.3% y/y in March • “Nationalized” — “Growth in the size of the general government sector in Russia in 2000-2017 was ahead of many countries not only with developed, but also with developing economies. • “Resourse-based” depends on the price of oil and gas (66.1% of the export of goods in January – February 2019),on the dollar/euro rate (the stronger it is, the lower the world prices for raw materials are), and on the key client, the European Union

35. Russia’s opportunities • 1. In its relations with foreign countries, it is useful to adhere the existing direction towards geographic diversification. • 2 In order to overcome the threats to national economic security, it is useful to keep the import substitution trend, increasing the economy’s investment attractiveness through its transparency and improvement of general economic management conditions

36. 3 Optimum use of such resource potential as the size of the territory,allows optimising logistics and infrastructure not only inside the country but also, by turning it into the largest global transportation hub; " 4 One more crucial suggestive resource is the defence industry complex with its advanced high technologies that can be quite easily conversed into development and production of various cutting-edge electronic devices that are commercially competitive at the global market. 5 Development of human resources is currently the state’s main focus. Task strengthening the “global integration” of Russia as a key component behind the country’s connectivity with the rest of the world and its subsequent ability to wield influence.

37. Conclusion • Key questions of this research: • 1. To what extent is Russia inscribed in a certain meaning and logic of what is happening in modern society, or does it act irrationally, leading itself into the trap of rationality? • 2. To what extent is modern Russia ready to take part in the formation of a new world system or, at a minimum, neutralize the unprofitable consequences of its emergence? • 3. What are the peculiarities of Russia as a variant of the general state of the world community? • World politics meanings and reasons have always been made and never discovered. Its changes happen both simultaneously and in various directions that makes the world political system unstable. This reflects that one must think with versatility in world politics, following the discourse of departure from the logical expectations.

38. Russia is a globalized country • with a strong trade and moderate mental dependence on external (trade, financial, political, cultural) markets. • Russia is fully aware that in small wars — with terrorists, drugs, illegal migration, money laundering, poverty, disease, that is, in the fight against the dark side of globalization— the West is its ally. In this case Russia and the West constitute one global unity, which acts rationally, following the same logic

39. However, • in the architecture of global governance and global security, Russia is a semi-isolated country

40. NATO itself has abandoned a positive agenda in relations with Russia. It does not exist. And so far, there are no indications that NATO knows how to get out of this deadlock,” said Alexander Grushko, Deputy foreign minister of the Russian Foreign Ministry, in an interview with RIA Novosti on April 15, 2019

41. At the same time, Russia is a globalized country, in the world community it seeks to preserve and translate to the rest of the world the authenticity of its state and political identity, with all its discourse intelligence and foolishness.

42. the traditions of non-acceptance of external dictatorship that have been accumulated for centuries give rise to doubts about the fruitfulness of the guaranteed order, especially under conditions when the world is changing very quickly

43. Today, in a globalized world, Russia, as an actor of the world political process, sees its modus vivendi in the right to build its own line of destiny in it, to decide what resources it will use for this. Moreover, as an element of the system, it takes full responsibility for its actions, regardless of any circumstances