Splash Screen

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:Jacksonian America Section 2:A Changing Culture Section 3:Reforming Society Section 4:The Abolitionist Movement Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. Can Average Citizens Change Society? • In the 1830s and 1840s, reformers tried to change American society. Some worked to end slavery, others to give women the vote or to give all Americans access to public education. Some sought to reform prisons, while others tried to reduce alcohol abuse. The issues of the era still shape the concerns of reformers today as they try to improve education, reduce social problems, and end discrimination toward minorities and women. • How did reforms of this era increase the tensions between North and South? • What do you think is the best way to get a society to accept reform? Chapter Intro

4. Chapter Timeline

5. Chapter Timeline

6. Jacksonian America How did democracy expand in the United States during Andrew Jackson’s presidency? Chapter Intro 1

7. A Changing Culture What contributed to changes in American culture in the first half of the nineteenth century? Chapter Intro 2

8. Reforming Society What were some of the main areas of society targeted for reform in the first half of the 1800s? Chapter Intro 3

9. The Abolitionist Movement What were the effects of the abolitionist movement on the relationship between the North and the South? Chapter Intro 4

10. Chapter Preview-End

11. Big Ideas Government and SocietyThe American political system became more democratic during the Jacksonian era. Section 1-Main Idea

12. Content Vocabulary • suffrage • spoils system • caucus system • secede Academic Vocabulary • evident • exposure Section 1-Key Terms

13. People and Events to Identify • Tariff of Abominations • Daniel Webster • Force Bill • Indian Removal Act • Trail of Tears • Panic of 1837 Section 1-Key Terms

14. A B Do you agree that exercising your right to vote is important? A. Agree B. Disagree Section 1-Polling Question

15. A New Era in Politics States expanded voting rights in the late 1820s, making the nation more democratic, which in turn helped Andrew Jackson win election. As president, Jackson opposed South Carolina’s nullification vote, supported the Indian Removal Act, and closed the Bank of the United States. Section 1

16. A New Era in Politics (cont.) • In the early 1800s, hundreds of thousands of Americans, mostly white men, gained the right to vote. • Many states lowered or eliminated property ownership as a voting qualification. • As cities and towns grew, the percentage of working people who did not own property increased. The Election of 1828 Section 1

17. A New Era in Politics (cont.) • The expansion of suffrage was evident in the turnout for the presidential election of 1828. • Jackson had great confidence in the capability and intelligence of average Americans. • He believed that the majority should rule in democracy and that ordinary citizens should play a role in government. • These beliefs led Jackson to support the spoils system. Section 1

18. A New Era in Politics (cont.) • Jackson’s supporters replaced the caucus system with the national nominating convention. Section 1

19. A B C D By 1840, how many Americans voted in the presidential election? A.355,000 B.1.1 million C.2 million D.4 million Section 1

20. The Nullification Crisis Resentment about high tariffs led Southern states to claim that states could declare a federal law null or void. Section 1

21. The Nullification Crisis (cont.) • When Congress levied another new tariff in 1828—which critics called the Tariff of Abominations—many South Carolinians threatened to secede from the Union. • John C. Calhoun put forth the idea of nullification to defuse the situation. • Robert Hayne and Daniel Webster confronted each other over this issue on the floor of the Senate. Section 1

22. The Nullification Crisis (cont.) • In November 1832 South Carolina adopted an ordinance of nullification declaring the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 to be unconstitutional. • In 1833 Congress passed the Force Bill, authorizing the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress. Section 1

23. The Nullification Crisis (cont.) • Senator Henry Clay pushed a bill through Congress that would lower the nation’s tariffs gradually until 1842. • South Carolina repealed its nullification and both sides claimed victory. Section 1

24. A B Which of the following men defended the rights of the Union over the rights of the states? A.Daniel Webster B.Robert Hayne Section 1

25. Policies Toward Native Americans During Andrew Jackson’s administration Native American groups were forced to relocate onto western reservations. Section 1

26. Policies Toward Native Americans (cont.) • In 1830 Andrew Jackson pushed through Congress the Indian Removal Act, which provided money for relocating Native Americans to the Great Plains. • The Cherokee hired lawyers to sue the state of Georgia in order to challenge the state’s attempt to extend its authority over Cherokee lands. Effects of the Indian Removal Act, 1831–1842 Section 1

27. Policies Toward Native Americans (cont.) • Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokee, but Martin Van Buren sent an army that forced them to march to Oklahoma, now known as the Trail of Tears. Section 1

28. A B C D Why didn’t the Cherokee of Georgia want to move to the Great Plains? A.They had adopted many aspects of white culture. B.They had no way of moving their belongings. C.The Great Plains winter was too harsh. D.The Great Plains summer was too hot. Section 1

29. Jackson Battles the National Bank Jackson deliberately destroyed the national bank; his opponents formed a new political party. Section 1

30. Jackson Battles the National Bank (cont.) • Jackson regarded the Bank as a monopoly that benefited the wealthy elite. • Jackson took his reelection as a directive from the people to destroy the Bank at once, even though the charter did not run out until 1836. Section 1

31. Jackson Battles the National Bank (cont.) • Jackson’s forceful style earned him plenty of detractors, and by the mid-1830s a new party had emerged to oppose him. • This group called themselves the Whigs. • Martin Van Buren took office after Jackson, and shortly thereafter the Panic of 1837 hit the nation. Section 1

32. Jackson Battles the National Bank (cont.) • General William Henry Harrison, a Whig, became president after Van Buren, but died 32 days later. • John Tyler took office next. Section 1

33. A B C D During Tyler’s administration, which issue occupied the country’s attention? A.Transportation B.Foreign relations C.Finances D.Native Americans Section 1

34. Section 1-End

35. Big Ideas Group ActionThe Second Great Awakening increased membership in many religious groups in the United States. Section 2-Main Idea

36. Content Vocabulary • nativism • utopia • romanticism • transcendentalism Academic Vocabulary • predominantly • philosopher Section 2-Key Terms

37. People and Events to Identify • Know-Nothings • Second Great Awakening • Charles Grandison Finney • Joseph Smith Section 2-Key Terms

38. A B Have you ever felt discriminated against in any way? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

39. The New Wave of Immigrants In the early 1800s, millions of Irish and Germans immigrated to the United States. The many Catholics among them encountered religious prejudice. Section 2

40. The New Wave of Immigrants (cont.) • The largest wave of immigrants, almost 2 million, came from Ireland. • They were fleeing a famine that began in 1845. • Germans were the second-largest group of immigrants to arrive. • Violence and repression caused them to emigrate. The Irish Famine and Immigration to America Section 2

41. The New Wave of Immigrants (cont.) • Immigrants often found a new sense of freedom in the United States, but some experienced nativism. • In July 1854 the American Party was formed—these people pledged never to vote for a Catholic and pushed for laws banning immigrants and Catholics from holding public office. • They were also referred to as the Know-Nothings. Section 2

42. A B C D Where did most of the Germans settle? A.Ohio and Massachusetts B.Pennsylvania and Ohio C.Rhode Island and Maine D.Louisiana and Georgia Section 2

43. A Religious Revival During the Second Great Awakening, many revivals were held, and new religious denominations formed. Section 2

44. A Religious Revival (cont.) • In the 1800s, ministers began an effort to revive people’s commitment to religion—the resulting movement came to be called the Second Great Awakening. • One of the most prominent advocates of this message was a Presbyterian minister named Charles Grandison Finney. Section 2

45. A Religious Revival (cont.) • A number of new religious groups also emerged during the Second Great Awakening: • Unitarians • Universalists • Mormons—Joseph Smith began preaching Mormon ideas in 1830. Section 2

46. A Religious Revival (cont.) • Some Americans in the 1830s concluded that society had corrupted human nature and decided to form a utopia. • The best known communities were Brook Farm and the Oneida Community. • Shakers were a religious group that established utopian communities. Section 2

47. A B C D Which of the following is NOT a Protestant denomination? A.Methodist B.Baptist C.Unitarian D.Presbyterian Section 2

48. Cultural Renaissance Nationalism and sectionalism gave rise to a creative period for American writers and artists. Section 2

49. Cultural Renaissance (cont.) • Many leading thinkers of the day adopted the tenets of romanticism, a movement that began in Europe in the late 1700s. • One notable expression of American romanticism came from New England writers and philosophers, who were known as the transcendentalists. Section 2

50. Cultural Renaissance (cont.) • Important American writers of the time: • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Henry David Thoreau • Washington Irving • James Fennimore Cooper • Nathaniel Hawthorne • Herman Melville Section 2