Constellation Program Overview Mark Geyer Constellation Program Office October 2006

1. Constellation Program Overview Mark Geyer Constellation Program Office October 2006

2. A Bold Vision for Space Exploration, Authorized by Congress • Complete the International Space Station • Safely fly the Space Shuttle until 2010 • Develop and fly the Crew Exploration Vehicle no later than 2014 • Return to the Moon no later than 2020 • Extend human presence across the solar system and beyond • Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program • Develop supporting innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures • Promote international and commercial participation in exploration NASA Authorization Act of 2005 The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon, including a robust precursor program to promote exploration, science, commerce and U.S. preeminence in space, and as a stepping stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations.

3. Exploration Strategy Themes • Use the Moon to prepare for future human and robotic missions to Mars and other destinations • Pursue scientific activities to address fundamental questions about the solar system, the universe, and our place in them • Extend sustained human presence to the moon to enable eventual settlement • Expand Earth’s economic sphere to encompass the Moon and pursue lunar activities with direct benefits to life on Earth • Strengthen existing and create new global partnerships • Engage, inspire, and educate the public

4. What’s the value of exploration? • Humans explore because it conveys an evolutionary advantage • exploration broadens experience and imagination, permitting better prediction of the future, ensuring better odds for survival • curiosity and its satisfaction is intellectually and emotionally satisfying • Exploration improves our ability to solve problems • increased imagination and knowledge base permits recognition of innovative approaches and solutions • helps focus energies on posing the right questions, or, questions that can be addressed and answered • Exploration excites and inspires the creative, productive segments of society • permits intellectual connections and relations that might not otherwise occur (the ‘ah-ha!’ syndrome) • Frontiers are unknown, mysterious places that stimulate imagination Paul D. Spudis Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Space Soon Conference, 2006

5. NASA’s Exploration Roadmap 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Initial CEV Capability 1st Human CEV Flight Lunar Outpost Buildup 7th Human Lunar Landing Lunar Robotic Missions Mars Expedition Design Science Robotic Missions Commercial Crew/Cargo for ISS Space Shuttle Ops CEV Development Crew Launch Development CEV Production and Operations CSSS EVA CEV/ISS Development Sortie Development CSS Operations Lunar Lander Development Early Design Activity Lunar Heavy Launch Development Early Design Activity Earth Departure Stage Development Surface Systems Development

6. Components of Program Constellation Earth Departure Stage Orion - Crew Exploration Vehicle Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle LunarLander Crew Launch Vehicle

7. Orion is Capable of Supporting Space Station Missions • Transport up to 6 crew members on Orion for crew rotation • 210 day stay time • Emergency lifeboat for entire ISS crew • Deliver pressurized cargo for ISS resupply

8. Orion System Elements Spacecraft Adapter – structural transition to launch vehicle Orion consists of four functional modules Launch Abort System -- emergency escape during launch Crew Module – crew and cargo transport Service Module – propulsion, electrical power, fluids storage

9. Ares I - Crew Launch Vehicle • Serves as the long term crew launch capability for the U.S. • 5 Segment Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster • New liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen upperstage • J2X engine • Large payload capability

10. Ares V – Heavy Cargo Launch Vehicle • 5 Segment Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters • Liquid Oxygen / liquid hydrogen core stage • Heritage from the Shuttle External Tank • RS68 Main Engines • Payload Capability • 106 metric tons to low Earth orbit • 125 Metric tons to low Earth orbit using Earth departure stage • 55 metric tons trans-lunar injection capability using Earth departure stage • Can be certified for crew if needed

11. Building on a Foundation of Proven Technologies-Launch Vehicle Comparisons- Crew Lunar Lander Lander Earth Departure Stage (EDS) (1 J-2X) 499k lb LOx/LH2 S-IVB (1 J-2 engine) 240k lb Lox/LH2 Upper Stage (1 J-2X) 280k lb LOx/LH2 S-II (5 J-2 engines) 1M lb LOx/LH2 Core Stage (5 RS-68 Engines) 3.1M lb LOx/LH2 5-Segment Reusable Solid Rocket Booster (RSRB) S-IC (5 F-1) 3.9M lb LOx/RP 5-Segment 2 RSRB’s Ares V Saturn V Ares I Space Shuttle Height: 184.2 ft Gross Liftoff Mass: 4.5M lb 55k lbm to LEO Height: 321 ft Gross Liftoff Mass: 2.0M lb 48k lbm to LEO Height: 358 ft Gross Liftoff Mass: 7.3M lb 117k lbm to TLI 144k lbm to TLI in Dual- Launch Mode with Ares I 290k lbm to LEO Height: 364 ft Gross Liftoff Mass: 6.5M lb 99k lbm to TLI 262k lbm to LEO

12. KSC External Access USS “tuna can” US STA CEV CDR CLV CDR Production US & USE Integrated Flight Test Strategy Baseline Plan PMR Rev #1 FHL Ares 1 Ares 2 OFT-1 OFT-2 AA-1 Transonic Abort WSMR AA-2 Max q Abort WSMR AA-4 High Altitude WSMR AA-3 Tumble Abort WSMR PA-2 WSMR PA-1 WSMR 1/10 1/11 1/12 1/13 1/14 9/08 4/09 7/09 10/09 4/10 7/10 10/10 4/11 7/11 10/11 4/12 7/12 10/12 4/13 7/13 10/13 4/14 7/14 10/14 AresI-1/1R Pad Access Window

13. EVA Suit Strategy 2018/15 2023 2030+ 2014/12 CEV to ISS Lunar Sortie Lunar Outpost Mars LEA capability for all crewed CEV missions Zero-G capability for all crewed CEV missions Surface EVA capability for planetary exploration

14. Lunar Lander • Transports 4 crew to and from the surface • Seven days on the surface • Lunar outpost crew rotation • Global access capability • Anytime return to Earth • Capability to land 20 metric tons of dedicated cargo • Airlock for surface activities • Descent stage: • Liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen propulsion • Ascent stage: • Storable Propellants

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25. Thank you!

26. Typical Lunar Reference Mission MOON Vehicles are not to scale. Ascent Stage Expended 100 km Low Lunar Orbit LSAM Performs LOI Service Module Expended Earth Departure Stage Expended Low Earth Orbit CEV EDS, LSAM Direct Entry Land Landing EARTH

27. Ares Launch Vehicle Elements Composite Shroud Lunar Surface AccessModule (LSAM) LAS Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) (Crew Module / Service Module) Earth Departure Stage LOx/LH2 1 J-2X Engine Al-Li Tanks/Structures Spacecraft Adapter Instrument Unit Forward Skirt Upper Stage Interstage J-2X Upper Stage Engine Interstage Forward Frustum Core Stage LOx/LH2 5 RS-68 Engines Al-Li Tanks/Structures First Stage (5-Segment RSRB) 5-Segment 2 RSRBs Ares I Ares V 48k lbm to LEO 117k lbm to TLI 144k lbm to TLI in Dual-LaunchMode with Ares I 290k lbm to LEO