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Library 2.0: Stepping off the technology treadmill

Learn about the origins and concepts of Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, and how Library 2.0 is a user-centered approach to library services. Discover the benefits of implementing Library 2.0 principles to better serve users and make the library a relevant and interactive space.

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Library 2.0: Stepping off the technology treadmill

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  1. Library 2.0: Stepping off the technology treadmill Howard Rosenbaum hrosenba@indiana.edu

  2. Library 2.0: Stepping off the treadmill I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly • A question of origins - Web 2.0 II. Using social informatics • Library 2.0 is a computerization movement III. A critical view • Marketing, determinism and utopianism IV. Conclusion • What’s left is useful

  3. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly The roots of Library 2.0 are in Web 2.0 So what is Web 2.0? www.weblogsinc.com/common/images/3060000000055560.JPG?0.5497399570678874

  4. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly In one sense, Web 2.0 looks a lot like this These are some of the companies associated with Web 2.0 ru3.com/luc/uploaded_images/web2-big-745097.jpg

  5. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly What is Web 2.0? It was originally a marketing term introduced in 2004 as “a useful, if imperfect, conceptual umbrella under which analysts, marketers and other stakeholders in the tech field could huddle the new generation of internet applications and businesses that were emerging to form the ‘participatory Web’” Madden and Fox (2006). Riding the waves of ‘Web 2.0.’ Pew Internet Life Project. Developed by Tim O’Reilly and Dale Daugherty who turned it into a source of revenue and a meme

  6. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Web .01: linking pages into a network of digital resources Web 1.0: publishing content and facilitating communication among people Web 2.0: linking people into groups that cooperate, collaborate, and compete (and spend money) www.avidos.net/detalles/imagenes/web20revolution.jpg

  7. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tree.jpg

  8. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Web 2.0 has become A new “user-driven” approach to to using the web A category of new technologies A type of company that is trying to take advantage of the first two characteristics The focus: providing services rather than products The services tend to be built around concepts of community and collaboration The goal: active and involved people using the service

  9. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly A new approach to using the web www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html

  10. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Web 2.0 is a new way to use the web: an attitude not a technology Rely on the collective wisdom of the crowd Provide a rich user experience Trust your users and let them control their own data Build for the hedonic impulse: playfulness, hackability Assume that software improves the more people use it Give people the right to remix with some rights reserved

  11. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly In other words… www.andybudd.com/presentations/dcontruct05/images/zen2.jpg

  12. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Web 2.0 technologies share other characteristics Harnessing the collective intelligence Google uses the link structure of the web Amazon uses people’s reviews of their products Ebay uses people’s willingness to engage in commerce Flikr and de.li.cious use people’s ability to classify their artifacts taking others into account Wikipedia uses people’s desire to exchange their knowledge with and trust in each other These are network effects that are a source of value

  13. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Library 2.0 has its roots in Web 2.0 thinking static.zooomr.com/images/c84cc4864d4e3e5b13a3e1d36291e7e14e8f3de9.jpg

  14. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly The heart of Library 2.0 is user-centered change. It is a model for library service that encourages constant and purposeful change, inviting user participation in the creation of both the physical and the virtual services they want, supported by consistently evaluating services. It also attempts to reach new users and better serve current ones through improved customer-driven offerings … however, it is through the combined implementation of all of these that we can reach Library 2.0. Casey and Savastinuk (2006).http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6365200.html

  15. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Library 2.0 simply means making your library's space (virtual and physical) more interactive, collaborative, and driven by community needs.Examples of where to start include blogs, gaming nights for teens, and collaborative photo sites.The basic drive is to get people back into the library by making the library relevant to what they want and need in their daily lives...to make the library a destination and not an afterthought. Houghton (2005).http://librarianinblack.typepad.com/librarianinblack/2005/12/index.html

  16. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly What is Library 2.0? … When thinking and talking about Library 2.0, it is important that any definition include the following: • Library 2.0 is a model for constant and purposeful change • Library 2.0 empowers library users through participatory user-driven services • Through the implementation of the first two elements, Library 2.0 seeks to improve services to current library users while also reaching out to potential library users Casey, M.E. and Savastinuk, L.C. (2007). Library 2.0: A Guide to Participatory Library Service. Information Today

  17. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly Library 2.0 is partially a response to a post-Google world It requires internal reorganization in a library It requires a fundamental change in a library’s mission It requires a fundamental change in handling authority It requires technological agility (“the fact of the matter is that technology is L2’s impetus”) It challenges library orthodoxy on almost every level It requires a radical change in the way ILSs and vendors work (openness) Blyberg (2006)http://www.blyberg.net/2006/01/09/11-reasons-why-library-20-exists-and-matters/

  18. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly L2 is not an option. If we don’t acknowledge the weighty significance of L2, we will not just be running the risk of sliding into obscurity, we just won’t be that important to society. We will become the functional equivalent of back-room storage full of green hanging-file-folder boxes Blyberg (2006) It requires a radical change in the way ILSs and vendors work (openness) It both enables and requires libraries to work together It is actually happening (gaming programs, IM reference, coffee shops) It is revolutionary It is essential for survival/pertinence

  19. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly But wait! “Library 2.0” is hype, a bandwagon, a confrontation, a negative assertion about existing libraries, their viability, their relevance, and their lack of changes, and — astonishingly — an apparent claim that two months of discussion by a two or three dozen bloggers makes a Movement that is so important that every library, no matter how small, must be discussing it right now, and that every library association should be focusing its next conference on the Movement. Crawford 2007

  20. I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly So … Library 2.0… ~or~ What do you think?

  21. Library 2.0: Stepping off the treadmill I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly • A question of origins - Web 2.0 II. Using social informatics • Library 2.0 is a computerization movement III. A critical view • Marketing, determinism and utopianism IV. Conclusion • What’s left is useful

  22. II. Using social informatics static.flickr.com/34/114899622_e881f23e04_o.jpg

  23. II. Using social informatics A computerization movement is a social movement A “collective enterprise to establish a new order of life” “[It] … takes on the character of a society. It acquires organization and form, a body of customs and traditions, established leadership, an enduring division of labor, social rules and social values – in short, a culture, and a new scheme of life” Blumer (1951; 8)

  24. II. Using social informatics Computerization movements depend on collective action They stand in two relations to the social order Revolutionary: attempt to change the order Reform: attempt to change a restricted domain within the order There are two types General: societal in scope Specific: submovements within a general movement

  25. II. Using social informatics They also involve a “Struggle over the production and counter-production of ideas and meanings associated with collective action” Iacono and Kling (1998; 6) They have trajectories To persist, they require organizational structures These allow people to engage in collective action: “They can raise money, mobilize resources, hold meetings and formulate positions” (Iacono and Kling, 1995; 5)

  26. II. Using social informatics Components: A core ICT or ICTs Organizational structures: CM organizations Collective action Public discourse; technological framing Ideology and myths: revolutionary and reform Organizational practices Historical trajectory Types: general and specific Organized opposition: Counter CMs

  27. II. Using social informatics As a computerization movement, Library 2.0 depends on the social actors and groups whose collective actions shape and propel CMs Activists, professional associations, vendors, technology writers, journalists, academics, policy makers, administrators, front-line people It originates in a time and place, gathers momentum, and then follows one of several paths It has an ideology of revolution or reform based on a deeply held belief that the core ICTs can cause fundamental positive social change

  28. II. Using social informatics Library 2.0 has an ideology where actors engage in “organized, insurgent action to displace or overcome the status quo and establish a new way of life” (Kling and Iacono, 1994; 17; Iacono and Kling, 1995; 5) Within a CM, activists and advocates claim that core ICTs will “bring about a new social order” (Kling and Iacono, 1994; 4) This is accomplished by technological framing and shaping of public discourse www.librarian.net/talks/larc/l2dum.jpg

  29. II. Using social informatics Library 2.0 has a technological frame that contains socially constructed meanings ascribed to specific technologies It connects relevant actors and the particular ways in which they understand a technology as ‘working’ (Iacono and Kling, 1998; 6) Framing “describes the actions and interactions of actors, explaining how they socially construct a technology” (Bijker, 2001:15526)

  30. II. Using social informatics While the frame is developing, the ICT that is its focus is interpretively flexible Over time the frame is built up in professional and public discourse and fixes (relatively), the meaning of the movement’s core ICTs It shapes public discourse and perceptions and simplifies complex information for external audiences Technological frames and the public discourse may actually “misrepresent actual practice for long periods of time” (Iacono and Kling, 1998; 8)

  31. Library 2.0: Stepping off the treadmill I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly • A question of origins - Web 2.0 II. Using social informatics • Library 2.0 is a computerization movement III. A critical view • Marketing, determinism and utopianism IV. Conclusion • What’s left is useful

  32. III. A critical view www.says-it.com/badge/sheriff.php libraryzen.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/WindowsLiveWriter/LibraryZen Launched_1247C/snakeoil553-thumb%5B10%5D.jpg

  33. III. A critical view The discourse about Library 2.0 reflects the “triumphalism of Web 2.0 proponents” Has been adapted from Web 2.0, which began as a marketing term to sell products and services Leads to technological determinism “Contextualized within familiar tropes of treating technology as semiautonomous, monolithic, discrete, and ahistorical” Changes in libraries are driven by technological innovation Scott. (2007) Bubble 2.0: Online Organized Critique of Web 2.0

  34. III. A critical view Technological determinism underlies a lot of vendor and evangelist discourse Leads to a rush to acquire and implement tools Especially if open source Entranced by shiny things How can we use these technologies? Not: how will these technologies help meet needs or improve services What are the costs of the implementation and use of Library 2.0 technologies?

  35. III. A critical view ticklebooth.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/treadmill-dance-1.jpg

  36. III. A critical view Also leads to technological utopianism The transformative power of technology brings about positive social change Often accompanied by an assumption that this is inevitable Library 2.0 as involving “collaborative uses of technologies” with “participatory, egalitarian, and democratic potential” It will make libraries relevant by empowering patrons who will shape the institution Scott (2007)

  37. III. A critical view The discourse of Library 2.0 is decidedly utopian Another example of of exuberant irrationality around different types of Web 2.0 technologies User control as a “paradigm shift” affecting the people who use it socially, culturally, and politically How the discourse is shaped Evangelist forecasts and predictions, hyperbolic advertising and marketing, fictional narratives, and popular news stories regarding technologies These become evidence for cultural projection about organizational transformation

  38. III. A critical view The close fit between Library 2.0 and Web 2.0 has been the basis of the criticism this far but wait - there’s more The version of privacy embedded in Web 2.0 is shaped by the exhibitionism of information sharing behaviors The goal is to see and be seen, to have the most friends by sharing personal information Boundaries between public and private are blurred This blurring is shaped and supported by Web 2.0 technologies

  39. III. A critical view The version of privacy embedded in the institutional relationship between libraries and patrons is different Patron privacy is paramount The act of reading (in more general terms, of using library resources) is personal, private and protected This approach to privacy is central to principles of intellectual freedom The technologies and ideologies of Web 2.0, imported uncritically into libraries pose a threat to this concept of privacy

  40. III. A critical view And another thing… Web 2.0 participants operate in an “attention economy” Information consumes attention so a wealth of information created a poverty of attention (Simon) “One of the fundamental economic characteristics of Web 2.0 is the distribution of production into the hands of the many and the concentration of the economic rewards into the hands of the few” Nicholas Carr media.urbandictionary.com/image/large/adhd-18223.jpg

  41. III. A critical view Web (and soon Library) 2.0 participants seem to be happy because of their interest in pursuing self-expression or socializing, not in making money It is clear that the economic value of each individual contribution (blog entry…) is trivial However, when these activities are aggregated on a web-wide scale the business becomes lucrative Participants operate happily in an attention economy while the owners of the services operate happily in a cash economy

  42. III. A critical view The attention economy does not operate separately from the cash economy It is simply a means of creating cheap inputs for the cash economy As librarians rush to implement 2.0 technologies, the effect is to broaden the base of the attention economy The unintended effect is to increase the flow of capital to the owners of these means of production Library 2.0 - the capitalist tool! www.quarterman.com/images/learnenglish-central-stories-animal-farm-330x220.gif

  43. III. A critical view There are other problems with the term Describes “a cluster of new applications and related online cultures” It has conceptual unity to the extent that we can find significant shared socio-technical characteristics Utopian claims: “reworking hierarchies, changing social divisions, creating possibilities and opportunities, informing us, and reconfiguring our relations with objects, spaces and each other” Beer, D. and Burrows, R. (2007). Sociology and, of and in Web 2.0: Some Initial Considerations. Sociological Research Online, 12(5) http://www.socresonline.org.uk/12/5/17.html

  44. III. A critical view www.daden.co.uk/pages/000395.html

  45. III. A critical view To sum up: Library 2.0 is a contested term: Can easily lead to a technological determinist conception of 21st century libraries Turning librarians into technicians ~or~ moving you further back from your patrons Moves library space into the network and away from physical space Library management becomes influenced by the “wisdom of the crowd”

  46. Library 2.0: Stepping off the treadmill I. Web 2.0 and Library 2.0, briefly • A question of origins - Web 2.0 II. Using social informatics • Library 2.0 is a computerization movement III. A critical view • Marketing, determinism and utopianism IV. Conclusion • What’s left is useful

  47. IV. Conclusion What’s left is useful Information goes from private devices into the network It can be accessed from mobile and desktop interfaces anytime and anywhere What are the implications of this expansion of the public domain for libraries? There is a range of interesting tools How can they be used to improve services? How can they be used make the patron experience more engaging?

  48. IV. Conclusion There is clearly online collaboration and sharing People taking shared responsibility for publishing terabytes of knowledge about themselves, the network, and their worlds Observing others, expanding the network, making “friends”, editing and updating content, blogging, remixing, sharing, responding, exhibiting, tagging… Do these represent new information behaviors and needs? How can libraries respond?

  49. IV. Conclusion Research attention How Library 2.0 discourse is shaped and maintained The impact on organizational structure and culture How it is changing the profession The formation of new hierarchies and social divisions The problems and subversions afforded by the collaborative culture Understanding patterns of social participation The creation of new elites

  50. IV. Conclusion Patron 2.0 - get ready! projects.cbe.ab.ca/sss/ilscommunity/21stcentury/teacher_cartoon.gif

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