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CHAPTER 12, Part 2

CHAPTER 12, Part 2. Acquiring Information Systems and Applications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Describe the SDLC, and discuss its advantages and limitations. Identify the major alternative methods and tools for building information systems.

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CHAPTER 12, Part 2

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  1. CHAPTER 12, Part 2 Acquiring Information Systems and Applications

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Describe the SDLC, and discuss its advantages and limitations. • Identify the major alternative methods and tools for building information systems. • List the major IT acquisition options and the criteria for option selection. • Discuss the process of vendor and software selection.

  3. Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle • Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the traditional systems development method that organizations use for large-scale IT projects.

  4. Six-Stage Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) with Supporting Tools Business Need Systems Investigation Deliverable: Go/No Go Decision Systems Analysis Deliverable: User Requirement Systems Design Deliverable: Technical Specification Programming and Testing Deliverable: Error-free System Implement System Deliverable: Use of the System Operation & Maintenance Deliverable: Continued System Use

  5. Traditional SDLC Processes • Systems investigation • Systems analysis • Systems design • Programming and testing • Implementation • Operation and maintenance

  6. The SDLC • Major advantages • Control • Accountability • Error detection • Major drawbacks • Relatively inflexible • Time-consuming and expensive • Discourages changes once user requirements are done

  7. SDLC – Systems Investigation • Begins with the business problem (or opportunity) • Main action: feasibility analysis/study • Deliverable:Go/No-Go Decision • OPTION 1: Do nothing and continue to use the existing system unchanged. • OPTION 2: Modify or enhance the existing system. • OPTION 3: Develop a new system.

  8. Feasibility Study • Technical feasibility • Economic feasibility • Behavioral feasibility

  9. SDLC – System Analysis • Examination of the business problem found during System Investigation. • Main action: gather information about the existing system or methods and to determine requirements for anew or improved system. • Deliverable:a set of system requirements, also called user requirements.

  10. SDLC – Systems Design • Describes how the system will accomplish this task. • Deliverable: technical design that specifies: • System outputs, inputs, user interfaces. • Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, personnel & procedures. • Blueprint of how these components are integrated. • Danger: scope creep (adding functions after the project has been initiated)

  11. SDLC – Programming & Testing • Programming involves the translation of a system’s design specification into computer code. • Testing checks to see if the computer code will produce the expected and desired results under certain conditions. • Testing is designed to delete errors (bugs) in the computer code. • Deliverable: an error-free System that solves the business problem at hand.

  12. SDLC – Systems Implementation • Implementation or deployment is the process of converting from the old system to the new system. • Involvesthree major conversion strategies: • Direct Conversion • Pilot Conversion • Phased Conversion • Parallel Conversion • Deliverable:organization-wide use of the new System

  13. SLDC – Operation & Maintenance • Audits are performed to assess the system’s capabilities and to determine if it is being used correctly. • Systems need several types of maintenance. • Debugging • Updating • Maintenance • Deliverable:continued use of the new System.

  14. Alternative Methods & Tools for Systems Development • Prototyping • Rapid application development (RAD) • End-user development • Component-based development • Object-oriented development

  15. Vendor & Software Selection • Step 1: Identify potential vendors. • Step 2: Determine the evaluation criteria. • Request for proposal (RFP) • Step 3: Evaluate vendors and packages. • Step 4: Choose the vendor and package • Step 5: Negotiate a contract. • Step 6: Establish a Service Level Agreement (SLA).

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