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Chapter 2 Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness

Chapter 2 Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness. Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness. Learning Objectives Describe three ways the mind and body communicate biologically. Define psychosomatic illness. Describe and give an example of the placebo effect and nocebo effect.

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Chapter 2 Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness

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  1. Chapter 2Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness

  2. Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness • Learning Objectives • Describe three ways the mind and body communicate biologically. • Define psychosomatic illness. • Describe and give an example of the placebo effect and nocebo effect. • Describe how faith, religion, and spirituality affect health. • Explain hypnotherapy. • Describe meditation and image visualization.

  3. Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness Mechanisms of Mind–Body Communication Hormones The Immune System The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness Mind–Body Healing Methods to Promote Mind–Body Harmony and Health

  4. Mind–Body Communications Maintain Wellness (continued) • Meditation • The Relaxation Response • Suggestion • Virtual Reality Therapies • Taking Time Out to Quiet the Mind

  5. Mind–Body Communication The mind can affect health in powerful ways. Joy, creativity, and contentment lead to a state of mind–body harmony. Fear, anxiety, stress, and depression contribute to mind–body disharmony, which increases risks for many illnesses, impedes healing, and fosters a sense that life is difficult and unpleasant.

  6. The Autonomic Nervous System • A group of nerves that regulates many of the body’s physiological functions without conscious control. • Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, etc. • The signals this system sends to the body can be affected by thoughts and feelings. • Stress and trying to accommodate too many things at once can lead to continuous physiologic arousal of the ANS, leading to sleep disturbances, muscle tension, GI problems, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. • It is possible to affect the ANS with meditation; 20 to 30 minutes daily of quiet time to focus and reflect on the day to come or the day that has passed.

  7. Fight or Flight Rest & Digest Freeze

  8. Video Divisions of ANS2min

  9. The Endocrine System: Hormones Hormones are chemical substances produced by certain organs and tissues in the body. They act as messengers and regulate specific biological functions. Many hormones respond to changes in thoughts and feelings.

  10. Glands: Where Hormones Are Released

  11. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - GLANDS PRODUCING HORMONES HW 2:   ADRENALINE   CORTISOL     ACTH     OXYTOCIN HW 8: ESTROGEN    PROGESTERONE     TESTOSTERONE activity on GCR

  12. The Immune System The immune system is responsible for combating infections and illness and removing foreign organisms and toxic substances from the body. The immune system can be influenced by the mind via the nervous and endocrine systems. It is well known that stress and negative mood states can weaken the immune system and that methods to reduce stress, such as mindfulness meditation and tai chi, can strengthen immune responses (Antoni, 2012).

  13. The Immune System Explained Video Protection from bacteria 7 min

  14. The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness • Individuals have the power to influence their health for ill or well-being. • Psychosomatic Illnesses • Mental states and attitudes can produce unhealthy physiological changes. • These are not imaginary illnesses; the symptoms are real. • Examples are depression, anxiety, and stress.

  15. Psychosomatic Illnesses

  16. The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness • Somatic Symptom Disorder • The occurrence of physical symptoms without any bodily disease or injury present. • Depression or anger can cause pain, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, etc. • Could be 25% to 75% of all patients who visit primary care providers.

  17. The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness Benefits of Laughter 5min • The mind can create wellness. • Studies show that positive emotions are associated with healthful biological changes. • Humor can have a positive effect on health—it increases comfort levels and decreases stress and anxiety.

  18. The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness Faith healing by priests, shamans, and medicine men has a long history. All religions embody concepts of spiritual healing. Doctors who say, “I’m sure you’ll feel better soon” are practicing healing by the power of suggestion.

  19. The Mind Can Create Illness or Wellness There appears to be an association between religious practices and health. Studies suggest that the more dedicated people are to attending church, the healthier they are. Many Americans believe that their faith has helped them recover from a particular illness or injury.

  20. Mind–Body Healing • Placebo Effect The Power of the Placebo effect 5min • Healing brought about by belief in a treatment that has no medical value in itself. Healing is not imagined, but the expectation of healing brings about physiological changes in the body that lead to healing. • Almost any physiological or psychological condition responds to placebos. • As much as 30% to 70% of a drug’s effectiveness is the result of the placebo effect.

  21. Mind–Body Healing • Placebo Effect (continued) • The mechanisms responsible for placebo effects are unknown. • Depression and pain are especially impacted by placebo effects. • No legal protection exists for a physician prescribing placebo.

  22. Mind–Body Healing • Nocebo Effect • A negative, harmful placebo effect. • Words can produce a placebo effect just like a pill can.

  23. Methods to Promote Mind–Body Harmony and Health 1- Autogenic Training • Autogenic training uses autosuggestionto establish a balance between the mind and body through changes in the autogenic nervous system. • It involves learning to concentrate on one of six autogenic phrases for a few minutes each day. • After weeks or months of practice, one is able to attain a deep sense of relaxation, which can result in healthful physiological changes.

  24. Autosuggestions My arms & legs are heavy My arms & legs are warm My heartbeat is calm & regular My lungs breathe me My abdomen is warm My forehead is cool

  25. Methods to Promote Mind–Body Harmony and Health 2- Biofeedback • A method for using the mind to alter bodily functions. (ex. Blood pressure) • A recording device helps the subject see the physiological effects of his thoughts on a screen. • This allows the person to learn self-control of those physiological activities.

  26. Methods to Promote Mind–Body Harmony and Health 3- Hypnosis • A state of concentration and focused attention; typically involves attaining a relaxed mental state in which suggestions for imaginative experiences are presented by another person. • Can alter perception, sensation, emotion, thought, or behavior. • Hypnotherapy uses hypnosis to treat sickness.

  27. 4- Meditation

  28. Meditation Meditation is a long-standing religious and spiritual practice of focused awareness, trance induction, and relaxation that is increasingly used to promote health and healing. Zen meditation involves sitting still with legs crossed while trying to empty the mind of its chatter. Transcendental meditation teaches practitioners to focus on a particular phrase or mantra or image mandala.

  29. Meditation • Insight or mindfulness meditation teaches meditators to observe the flow of thoughts that pass through the mind. • A good way to begin meditation is to focus your attention on breathing or focus on a mandala • Watch 5min The Scientific Power of Meditation

  30. Meditation • Relaxation Response • The relaxation response is an automatic physiological response that is the opposite of autonomic nervous system activation (Benson & Klipper, 2000). • Methods: • Mantra meditation • Progressive muscle relaxation • Guided imagery

  31. 5- Suggestion • When the mind is focused and relaxed, it is more open to suggestion, both positive and negative. • The mind can be made more open to suggestion by many things in daily life such as movies, music, or anything else that causes us to focus our attention on images or sound or both. • Listen to the 5 minute vacation

  32. Mental imagery can be used to reduce pain, alter many habits, improve performance, and much more. Guided imagery can promote one’s health and relieve one’s stress through another’s verbal suggestionsto help create a particular physical response such as reducing stress, lowering blood pressure, or reducing pain. Distraction can be a very effective treatment for pain. This is why practices like meditation, hypnotherapy, and prayer can be so effective.

  33. Virtual Reality Therapies Virtual reality therapy (VRT) has been used to help treat posttraumatic stress disorder. Patients using VRT can manipulate the virtual environment to lessen their fears and stress. Watch People face their fears 5min

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