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Chemistry 3.1

Chemistry 3.1. Uncertainty in Measurements. I. Accuracy, Precision, & Error. A. Accuracy – how close a measurement comes to the “ true value” . 1. Ex: Throwing Darts true value = bull's-eye. B. Precision – how close a series of measurements are together. 1. Ex: Throwing Darts.

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Chemistry 3.1

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  1. Chemistry 3.1 Uncertainty in Measurements

  2. I. Accuracy, Precision, & Error A. Accuracy – how close a measurement comes to the “true value”. 1. Ex: Throwing Darts true value = bull's-eye

  3. B. Precision – how close a series of measurements are together. 1. Ex: Throwing Darts

  4. C. Pg. 64 Explanation Poor Accuracy Good Precision Poor Accuracy Poor Precision Good Accuracy Good Precision

  5. D. Error – the difference between the accepted value and the experimental value. 1. Formula – 2. Error = ex. value – accepted value | error | accepted value % Error = x 100%

  6. E. Examples 1. In class you determine the melting point of salt is 755 deg C. The actual value is 805 deg C. What is your percent error?  [|755 - 805| / 805] x 100 =  6.2% error

  7. II. Significant Figures A. Def – all digits known plus one estimated one. 1. Measurements must be recorded with significant figures.

  8. 2. Rules (pg.66) -All other numbers are significant -zeros may or may not be significant -leading zeros are not significant  0.02 1 (sig fig) -captive zeros are significant  0.0203 3 (sig figs) -trailing zeros following the decimal point are significant  0.02030 ? (sig figs)  200 ? (sig figs)  200.0 ? (sig figs) 4 1 4

  9. 3. Rounding with Sig Figs -Express the following #’s to 3 sig figs  421798.076 = 422,000  0.00099985 = .00100  1 = 1.00  8222 = 8,220  0.42 = .420

  10. 4. Scientific Notation + Sig figs A. All #’s in scientific notation are counted as significant figures. B. Ex: 3.0200 x 103 = sig figs 2.77 x 106 = sig figs 5 3

  11. 5. Adding and subtracted A. The answer must not contain any sig figs beyond the place value common to all #’s B. Ex: 4.8 + 2.015 6.8 (not 6.815)

  12. 6. Multiplication and Division A. The answer must not contain more sig figs than the least # of sig figs. B. Ex: 3.1 x 4.01 12 (not 12.431)

  13. In Class Problems 1. How many sig figs? -123 meters -30.0 meters -40,506 kg -6.455 x 103 kg 2. 3.45 + 9.001 and 4.22 - 9.0 3. 3.4 x 5.345 and 10.7 / 12.75 4. 6.33 x 103 + 5.1 x 104

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