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Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs

The Endocrine System. 8. Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and Diseases. Chapter 8: The Endocrine System. Lesson 8.1. Functions and Control of the Endocrine System. Anatomy of the Endocrine System.

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Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs

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  1. The Endocrine System 8 Lesson 8.1: Functions and Control of the Endocrine System Lesson 8.2: Major Endocrine Organs Lesson 8.3: Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

  2. Chapter 8: The Endocrine System Lesson 8.1 Functions and Control of the Endocrine System

  3. Anatomy of the Endocrine System • Endocrine glands • Hormones • Secrete directly into bloodstream • Exocrine glands • Secrete through a duct

  4. Hormones • Steroid hormones – lipid-based • Amino acid hormones – protein-based • Hormone receptors • Upregulated – increased • Downregulated – decreased

  5. Hormone Secretion Control • Neural control • Sympathetic nerve fibers stimulate adrenal medulla • Ex: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine • Hormonal control • Stimulated by the hypothalamus to AP or PP • Ex: Thyroxin, PTH, Oxytocin • Humoral control • Based on blood levels • Ex: Glucagon, Calcitonin

  6. Hormone Secretion Control

  7. Hormones and Homeostasis • Negative Feedback Mechanism • Reverses a condition that has exceeded the normal homeostatic range to restore homeostasis

  8. Homeostasis of Hypothalamus • Helps regulates body temperature

  9. Chapter 8: The Endocrine System Lesson 8.2 Major Endocrine Organs

  10. Major Endocrine Organs

  11. The Hypothalamus • Helps regulate… • Metabolism • Heart rate • Energy level • Body temperature • Thirst

  12. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

  13. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary • Prolactin (PRO) • Growth of mammary glands • Milk production in a nursing mother • Growth Hormone (GH) • Growth of bone and muscles

  14. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary • AdrenocorticotropinHormone (ACTH) • Release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex • Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) • Release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland

  15. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Females • Estrogen production • Egg production • Males • Sperm production • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) • Females • Ovulation • Males • Testosterone

  16. Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary • Antidiuretic Hormone • Acts on kidney, decreases urine output • Oxytocin • Acts on uterus, causes contractions • Acts on breast, causes secretion of milk

  17. Major Endocrine Glands • Thyroid gland • Thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 • Controls rate of metabolism • Calcitonin • Removes calcium from blood, puts into bones • Parathyroid gland • Parathyroid hormone • Removes calcium from bones, puts into blood

  18. Major Endocrine Glands • Thymus gland • Thymosin • Development of immune system • Pineal gland • Melatonin • Produces sleepiness

  19. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

  20. Adrenal Glands • Adrenal Medulla • Epinephrine and norepinephrine • Adrenaline rush • Adrenal Cortex • Mineralocorticoids • Aldosterone • Sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys • Glucocorticoids • Cortisone and cortisol • Promote gluconeogenesis • Sex hormones • Estrogen and androgens • Maintains sexual characteristics

  21. Adrenal Glands

  22. Pancreas • Islets of Langerhans • Alpha cells • Glucagon • Increase blood glucose level • Beta cells • Insulin • Decrease blood glucose level

  23. Gonads • Testes • Testosterone • Sperm production • Ovaries • Estrogen • Secondary sexual characteristics • Progesterone • Menstrual cycle

  24. Chapter 8: The Endocrine System Lesson 8.3 Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

  25. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases • pituitary disorders • thyroid disorders • disorders of the parathyroid gland • adrenal medulla disorders • disorders of the adrenal cortex • the pancreas and diabetes mellitus

  26. Pituitary Disorders • hyperfunction • acromegaly, or gigantism • hypofunction • dwarfism • diabetes insipidus

  27. Thyroid Disorders • hyperthyroidism • goiter • Graves disease • hypothyroidism • myxedema • neonatal hypothyroidism

  28. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases • disorders of the parathyroid gland • hypercalcemia • hypocalcemia • adrenal medulla disorders • pheochromcytoma

  29. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex • Cushing syndrome • hypersecretion of cortisol • Addison’s disease • hyposecretion of adrenal corticoid hormones

  30. The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus • symptoms of diabetes mellitus • polyuria • excessive urination • polydipsia • excessive thirst • polyphagia • increased hunger

  31. The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus • type I diabetes mellitus • juvenile-onset • type II diabetes mellitus • adult-onset • insulin resistance • hyperglycemia

  32. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: dwarfism, Cushing syndrome, goiter, polyuria. 1. a result of pituitary hypofunction 2. excessive urination 3. hypersecretion of cortisol 4. a result of hyperthyroidism

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