GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024-2-22 (1)

1. IAS 2024 2 SESSION PLAN SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC PAPER 1 (SECTION A) – PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY The causes and effects of ocean currents The physics behind waves and tides, and their effects The study of the ocean floor, plate tectonics, and seafloor mapping The chemical composition of seawater, including its acidity, salinity, and nutrient content. Marine organisms and their habitats, including the adaptations SESSION: 01 OCEANOGRAPHY The structure and function of marine ecosystems The relationship between the ocean and climate The sources and impacts of marine pollution The ocean’s potential as a source of food, energy The legal and regulatory frameworks that govern the use and management of the world’s oceans SESSION: 02 OCEANOGRAPHY The causes and impacts of soil degradation, including erosion, salinisation, desertification, and soil pollution. The strategies and policies for conserving soil, including soil erosion control SESSION: 03 BIOGEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

2. iasscore.in 3 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The factors that influence soil fertility The underlying causes of deforestation The impacts of deforestation on local and global ecosystems The strategies and policies for managing forests sustainably The tools and techniques used to monitor forest cover The restoration of degraded or deforested lands The integration of trees into agricultural systems The role of forests in meeting the needs of local communities SESSION: 04 BIOGEOGRAPHY + PYQ Discussion (Session 1 to 4) The Structure And Function Of Ecosystems The Processes That Shape Ecosystems The Development And TEST:ing Of Models To Predict The Distribution The Relationship Between Ecosystems The Impacts Of Human Activities, Such As Deforestation The Strategies And Policies For Conserving Biodiversity And Eosystems Environment Geography SESSION: 05 The Impacts Of Energy Production And Use The Concept Of Sustainability The Legal And Regulatory Frameworks ThatGovern Environmental Protection Environment Geography SESSION: 06 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

3. IAS 2024 4 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The Process Of Evaluating The Potential Environmental Impacts OF Development Projects The Ethical Considerations Related To Environmental Protection and Sustainability The Role of Civil Society in Promoting Environmental Protection and sustainability The Feedback Mechanisms that amplify or dampen the impacts Of Climate Change The Factors that Influence Atmospheric Stability and Instability The Different Types of Air Masses The Processes that modify Air Masses The Global Circulation Patterns The Conditions that lead to the Formation and Development of Temperate and Tropical Cyclones SESSION: 07 Climatology The Movement and Track of Temperate and Tropical Cyclones The Movement of Water on the Earth’s Surface The Relationship between Climate and Agriculture The Impacts of Urbanisation on the local climate Other Climate Classification Systems + PYQ Discussion (Session 5 to 8) SESSION: 08 Climatology Oceanography " Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Oceanography & Biogeography TEST: 01 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

4. iasscore.in 5 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC " Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea- level changes; law of the sea and marine pollution. Biogeography " Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres. The nature and characteristics of seismic waves, The processes of mineral and rock formation, The processes that shape the earth’s surface The concept of geomorphic cycles The processes that shape river systems The concept of geomorphic thresholds The applications of the davisian and penckian models SESSION: 09 Geomorphology Geomorphology and land-use planning: Geomorphology and engineering Geomorphology and environmental management The concept of denudation chronology The concept of channel adjustment Human impacts on channel morphology SESSION: 10 Geomorphology GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

5. IAS 2024 6 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC PAPER 1 (SECTION B) – HUMAN GEOGRAPHY The Malthusian Population Theory Marxian Population Theory Critiques Of Von Thunen’s Model Critiques Of Weber’s Model Critiques Of Rostow’s Model Models and Theories SESSION: 11 Applicability Of Rostow’s Model Critiques Of Heartland And Rimland Theories Relevance Of Heartland And RimlandTheories Applications Of Central Place Theory Modifications Of Central Place Theory + PYQ Discussion (Session 9 to 12) Models and Theories SESSION: 12 Environmental Geography " Principle of ecology; " Human ecological adaptations; " Influence of man on ecology and environment; " Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; " Ecosystem their management and conservation; " Environmental Degradation, management and conservation; " Biodiversity and sustainable development; " Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; " Environmental education and legislation. Climatology " Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Environment Geography & Climatology TEST: 02 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

6. iasscore.in 7 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC " Heat budget of the earth; " Atmospheric circulation; " Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; " Monsoons and jet streams; " Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; " Types and distribution of precipitation; " Weather and Climate; " Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; " Hydrological cycle; " Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate. Applications of growth centre and growth pole theory Critiques of growth centre and growth pole theory Causes of regional imbalances Measures of regional development Importance of spatial planning in regional development Cluster development Regional innovation systems SESSION: 13 Regional Planning The importance of bottom-up approaches The importance of environmental impactassessment (EIA) The importance of sustainable land use in regional planning. The importance of climate change adaptation in regional planning SESSION: 14 Regional Planning GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

7. IAS 2024 8 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The importance of green infrastructure in regional planning The importance of sustainable development goals The importance of sustainable infrastructure The patterns and trends of population distribution The demographic transition, which describes the stages of population growth The importance of age and sex composition in The patterns and trends of migration The importance of education and literacy in demographic analysis The concept of overpopulation Population Geography SESSION: 15 The concept of optimum population The importance of family planning and reproductive health in managing population growth The concept of social capital The concept of demographic dividend The importance of social indicators in measuring social well-being Environmental sustainability and social wellbeing + PYQ Discussion (Session 13 to 16) Population Geography SESSION: 16 Geomorphology " Factors controlling landform development; " endogenetic and exogenetic forces; " Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Geomorphology & Models and Theories TEST: 03 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

8. iasscore.in 9 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC " Fundamentals of geomagnetism; " Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; " Geosynclines; " Continental drift; " Isostasy; " Plate tectonics; " Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; " Earthquakes and Tsunamis; " Concepts of geomorphic " cycles and Landscape development; " Denudation chronology; " Channel morphology; " Erosion surfaces; " Slope development; " Applied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology and environment. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography " System analysis in Human Geography; " Malthusian, Marxian and Demographic Transition models; " Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; " Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; " Weber’s model of industrial location; " Rostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; " Laws of international boundaries and frontiers. GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

9. IAS 2024 10 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The impact of fossil fuel depletion on the energy crisis The impact of energy consumption patterns on the energy crisis The role of energy policies and governance in addressing the energy crisis, The role of agricultural productivity in world agriculture The importance of food security in world agriculture The role of sustainable agriculture in world agriculture ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY SESSION: 17 The classification of agricultural regions based on topography The classification of agricultural regions based on human factors The root causes of food insecurity, including poverty, climate change The role of food distribution systems in ensuring food security The impact of global food trade on food security The impact of famine on food security + PYQ Discussion (Session 17 to 20) ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY SESSION: 18 The major physiographic regions of India The major river systems of India The major landforms of India, including mountains, valleys, plateaus, and coastal features. The geological structure of India The major river basins of India SESSION: 19 Physical Settings GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

10. iasscore.in 11 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The principles of watershed management and their applications in India. India’s geopolitical position in south asia and its relationships with its neighboring countries The various border disputes and conflicts that India has with its neighboring countries Economic and trade relations Regional cooperation and integration + PYQ Discussion (Session 17 to 20) SESSION: 20 Physical Settings Regional Planning " Concept of a region; " types of regions and methods of regionalisation; " growth centres and growth poles; regional imbalances; " environmental issues in regional planning; " planning for sustainable development. Population Geography " Growth and distribution of world population; " demographic attributes; " Causes and consequences of migration; " concepts of over - under-and optimum population; " Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life; " Population as social capital. Regional Planning & Population Geography TEST: 04 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

11. IAS 2024 12 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC PAPER 2 – INDIAN GEOGRAPHY The factors that influence the onset and withdrawal of the monsoon The regional variations in the monsoon The impact of the monsoon on various aspects of life in India The characteristics of tropical cyclones, including their formation, intensity, and tracks. The characteristics of westerly disturbances, including their origin, tracks, and impact on India. Impact of tropical cyclones and westerly disturbances SESSION: 21 Climate of India Mitigation and management of tropical cyclones and westerly disturbances: The various causes of floods and droughts in India Impacts of floods and droughts on various aspects of life in India Mitigation and management of floods and droughts Role of technology and innovation in flood and drought management SESSION: 22 Climate of India The various types of soils found in India The various factors that influence soil formation and distribution in India The relationship between soil fertility and agricultural productivity in India The various strategies used by India to conserve and manage soils The various types of natural vegetation found in India Soils and Vegetation of India SESSION: 23 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

12. iasscore.in 13 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The various factors that influence the distribution and growth of natural vegetation in India The various strategies used by India to conserve and manage natural vegetation The ecological, economic, and cultural importance of natural vegetation in India The major soil types found in India Various factors that influence the formation of soils in India + PYQ Discussion (Session 21 to 24) Soils and Vegetation of India SESSION: 24 Economic Geography " World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade. Physical Setting " Space relationship of India with neighboring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts Economics Geography & Physical Settings TEST: 5 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

13. IAS 2024 14 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The different types of cropping patterns found in India The regional variations in cropping patterns in India The relationship between cropping intensity and productivity in India Challenges and opportunities in agriculture The concept of land capability and its significance in agricultural production and land use planning. The different land capability classification systems used in India The role of land capability in land use planning, including the identification of suitable areas for different land uses The importance of sustainable land management practices The concept of agroforestry and its significance in India’s agricultural and forestry sectors. The different agroforestry systems practiced in India. SESSION: 25 Agriculture in India The concept of social forestry and its role in meeting the wood and fuelwood demands of rural communities. The challenges and opportunities in promoting agro and social forestry in India. The importance of livestock in India’s rural economy. The concept of the white revolution and its significance in transforming India’s dairy sector. SESSION: 26 Types of Agriculture GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

14. iasscore.in 15 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The challenges and opportunities in promoting sustainable livestock development in India The importance of livestock in sustaining rural livelihoods in India The importance of sericulture in India’s economy and the different types of silk produced in India. The importance of apiculture in India’s rural economy and the different types of honey produced in India. The importance of poultry in India’s economy and the different types of poultry farming systems practiced in India. The challenges and opportunities in promoting sustainable sericulture, apiculture, and poultry farming in India The geographical distribution of cotton cultivation in India The geographical distribution of jute cultivation in India. The geographical distribution of textile mills in India. The geographical distribution of fertilizer plants in India. The geographical distribution of paper mills in India SESSION: 27 Industry Location factors of automobile Multinational corporations (mncs) and their impact on Indian economy. Liberalization and its impact on the Indian economy. Special economic zones (sezs) in India. Economic zones in India. SESSION: 28 Industry + PYQ Discussion (Session 25 to 28) GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

15. IAS 2024 16 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC " Climatic regions of India " Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions in India Climate, Soils and Vegetation of India TEST: 6 Role of Roads in Regional Development. Role of Railways in Regional Development. Role of Waterways in Regional Development. Role of Airways in Regional Development. Role of Pipelines in Regional Development. Complementary Roles of Transport Modes in Regional Development. Transport, Communications and Trade SESSION: 29 India’s Foreign Trade Policy. The balance of trade between India and other countries The development of EPZs in India India’s Transport Infrastructure The development of EPZs in India India’s Transport Infrastructure Transport, Communications and Trade SESSION: 30 Impact of aryan migration British colonialism and ethnic divisions Indian independence and the creation of linguistic states Contemporary issues in ethnic and linguistic diversity The regional variation in sex ratio in India SESSION: 31 Population in India The distribution of workforce across different sectors in India The ratio of nonworking population to the working population. SESSION: 32 Population in India GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

16. iasscore.in 17 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The regional variation in life expectancy in India. The trend in fertility rate in India. The pattern of migration in India. + PYQ Discussion (Session 29 to 32) Agriculture in India " Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability Types of Agriculture " Agro and social forestry; Green revolution and its socioeconomic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; aqua - culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalisation; agro- climatic zones; agroecological regions. Industry " Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policies; Multinationals and liberalization; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco -tourism. Agriculture in India, Types of Agriculture & Industry TEST: 7 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

17. IAS 2024 18 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The concept of central place theory, including the role of settlement hierarchy The concept of primate city The concept of world city hierarchy, including the role of globalisation The impact of environmental degradation on towns. Inadequate infrastructure Settlement Geography SESSION: 33 Inequality and social exclusion Types and patterns of rural settlements in India Changes in the morphology of rural settlements in India Planning and management of conurbations and metropolitan regions in India Town planning in India Slums in India Settlement Geography SESSION: 34 State Reorganization On A Linguistic Basis And Its Impact On Federalism Regional Disparities And Their Effect On Federalism In India Cooperative Federalism And The Role Of The Planning Commission/Niti Aayog In India’s Federal Structure Fiscal Federalism And The Role Of The Finance Commission In India’s Federal Structure States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) Linguistic States SESSION: 35 Political Geography Geographical Contiguity North East India Geography Of India’s Borders SESSION: 36 Political Geography GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

18. iasscore.in 19 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC Proximity To Conflict Zones Transnational Networks: Cross Border Terrorism Vulnerable Areas + PYQ Discussion (Session 33 to 36) Transport, Communications and Trade " Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme. Transport, Communications and Trade & Population in India Population in India TEST: 8 " Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work- force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra- regional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators. GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

19. IAS 2024 20 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC The role of spatial analysis in identifying and analyzing patterns of areal differentiation, The process of regional synthesis The physical characteristics and differentiation of different regions The cultural characteristics and differentiation of different regions The economic characteristics and differentiation of different regions The physical features of a region The perspective of Human Geography SESSION: 37 The cultural and social features of a region The economic and developmental features of a region The governance and political features of a region, The role of spatial analysis in quantitative revolution in human geography The role of modeling and simulation in quantitative revolution The role of social geography in quantitative revolution The perspective of Human Geography SESSION: 38 SESSION: 39 Geography Contemporary Issues SESSION: 40 Geography Contemporary Issues Settlement Geography " Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies. Settlement Geography & Political Geography TEST: 9 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

20. iasscore.in 21 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC Political Aspect " Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and interstate issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm. Perspectives in Human Geography " Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index. Contemporary Issues " Slums and associated problems; town planning; " Problems of urbanization and remedies. Political Aspect " Geographical basis of Indian federalism; " State reorganisation; " Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and interstate issues; " international boundary of India and related issues; " Cross border terrorism; " India’s role in world affairs; " Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm. The perspective of Human Geography & Contemporary Issues TEST: 10 GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)

21. IAS 2024 22 SESSION SYLLABUS TOPIC MOCK TESTS: (AFTER PRELIMS) TEST: 11 Mock 1 Paper I (Entire Syllabus) TEST: 12 Mock 2 Paper II (Entire Syllabus) TEST: 13 Mock 3 Paper I (Entire Syllabus) TEST: 14 Mock 4 Paper II (Entire Syllabus) GEOGRAPHY ADVANCE 2024 (WEEKEND)