1 / 93

Advanced Placement United States History 2015-2016

Advanced Placement United States History 2015-2016. NEW Themes:. Identity (ID) Peopling (PEO) Work, Exchange & Technology (WXT) Politics & Power (POL) Environment & Geography (ENV) America in the World (WOR) Ideas, Beliefs & Culture (CUL). FOUR Historical Thinking Skills.

gtatum
Download Presentation

Advanced Placement United States History 2015-2016

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Advanced PlacementUnited States History2015-2016

  2. NEW Themes: • Identity (ID) • Peopling (PEO) • Work, Exchange & Technology (WXT) • Politics & Power (POL) • Environment & Geography (ENV) • America in the World (WOR) • Ideas, Beliefs & Culture (CUL)

  3. FOUR Historical Thinking Skills • Skill #1: Chronological Reasoning • Historical Causation • Patterns of Continuity & Change • Periodization

  4. FOUR Historical Thinking Skills • Skill #2: Comparison and Contextualization • Comparison • Contextualization • Ability to connect historical developments to specific circumstances in time and place AND to broader regional, national or global processes

  5. FOUR Historical Thinking Skills • Skill #3: Crafting Historical Arguments from Historical Evidence • Historical argumentation (frame a question about the past and to address that question by contructing an argument. A PLAUSIBLE and PERSUASIVE argument requires a CLEAR, COMPREHENSIVE and ANALYTICAL THESIS….supported by relevant historical evidence, NOT simply evidence that supports a preferred or preconceived position. (+ capacity to describe, analyze, etc. arguments of others) • Appropriate use of relevant historical evidence • (Document Based Question skills)

  6. FOUR Historical Thinking Skills • Skill #4: Historical Interpretation and Synthesis • Interpretation: describe, analyze, evaluate and create DIVERSE interpretations of the past…AS REVEALED through primary and secondary historical sources • Synthesis: ability to arrive at a MEANINGFUL and persuasive understanding of the past…(using different sources, insights, present events, etc)

  7. Political, Economic, Social & Cultural “Characteristics” of America:

  8. POLITICAL • Political (politics, policy) • “power” • Interactions among people in a group that have power • “Who” has a political role? • Chief, King, president

  9. Economic • Dealing with how people exchange goods & services • Any part of TRADE (money or whatever is considered “currency”, actual good or service) • Systems (barter, market, capitalism, socialism, communism, command, mixed..etc) • GEOGRAPHY will affect economic activities

  10. Social • How people interact with each other/relationships • Gender relations (women’s issues, rights, $$$) • Race relations (racism, slavery, Civil rights) • Status/standing in community • Crossover with Religion

  11. Culture • “social relationships” • Language • Music • Art • Literature • Religion (philosophy, behavior, faith, lifestyle, conflicts, bias, policies)

  12. USVA Unit 1 Notes “SOL essentials”

  13. Early European Exploration, Colonization, European Economic Influence on Slavery in the Americas UNIT 1

  14. Russia England France Aztec Empire Persia Spain China Ottoman Empire Songhai Empire Mayan Empire Mughal India Incan Empire Important Areas of Concern

  15. Part I. Characteristics of Colonization Essential Questions to Answer: Why did Europeans settle in the various New World colonies? How did their motivations influence their settlement patterns and colonial structures? In what ways did the cultures of Europe, the Americas and Africa interact? What were the consequences of this interaction?

  16. Middle Ages trade patterns linking Europe with Asia and Africa • “Silk Road” (network of trade routes) across Asia to the Mediterranean basin • Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean • Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa **Importance of trade patterns • Exchange of products ( paper, compass, silk, spices) • Exchange of ideas( medicine, astronomy, Numeral system )

  17. Q: Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets? • The 3 “Gs”: • GOLD • GOD • GLORY

  18. What were the specific factors for European exploration? (HOW were they able to do it??) • Consumer Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources (essential part of mercantilism*) • Spread Christianity • National Competition with other European nations • Innovations in navigational arts (Islamic and European advances)

  19. Columbian Exchange • Western Hemisphere (NEW WORLD) agricultural products such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco changed European lifestyles. • European (OLD WORLD) horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians (First Americans). • European diseases like smallpox killed many American Indians (First Americans).

  20. From OLD to New: From NEW to Old:

  21. Christopher Columbus = Columbian Exchange

  22. Impact of the Columbian Exchange • Shortage of labor (dead Indians) to grow cash cropsled to the use of African slaves • Slavery was based on race. • European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment. • The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded.

  23. “Commercial Revolution”: means what? • Capitalism  (been around a long time, …see handout) • New economic practices such as mercantilism evolved: • GOLD/Silver • Export more than Import • Establish Colonies: • Resources: • Markets: • $ Tariffs $ on Imports : • Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.

  24. Means of diffusion of Christianity • Migration of colonists to new lands • Influence of Catholics and Protestants, who carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands • Conversion (change religion) of indigenous peoples (Indians and Africans)

  25. Catholic Colonization: SPAIN • Areas: Caribbean, Central and South America • Violent conflict with American Indians • Indian territory lost to conquistadors • Populations decimated (killed off)by European diseases

  26. SPANISH COLONIZATION PATTERN

  27. Catholic Colonization: France • Areas: Canada (More cooperative relations with American Indians) • FUR trading did not lead to large scale colonization or immigration from France

  28. FRENCH COLONIAL INFLUENCE

  29. Protestant Colonization: ENGLISH

  30. Close up: British Colonies in North America

  31. Queen Elizabeth I of England • Anglican Church “started” by Henry VIII • It became the national church throughout the British Isles under Elizabeth I. • She never married = “Virgin Queen” • New land in America called “VIRGINIA” in her honor • Died with NO children 1603….

  32. Stuart Kings of England…from SCOTLAND • James I of England • Jamestown, VA est. 1607 • King James version of the Bible • Stuart Kings not as successful with Parliament as Tudor monarchs

  33. Jamestown, VA 1607 • established in 1607 • first permanent English settlement in North America • Settled by the Virginia Company of London as a business venture

  34. People of “Jamestown” fame: King James I Captain John Smith Algonquian chief Powhatan Powhatan’s daughter Pocahantas Pocahontas as Christianized and married “Rebecca” Rolfe John Rolfe

  35. “English Colonists” had sometimes violent and sometimes cooperative relationships with Indians • English came to stay • Had better weapons, more virulent diseases and COMPLETELY different attitudes toward LAND OWNERSHIP and RELIGION • Ran Indians off “their” land and keep pushing them WEST for years

  36. Virginia and Other Southern Colonies • settled by people seeking economic opportunities • The early Virginia “cavaliers” were English nobility (see FEUDALISM) • These NOBLES received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England. • Poor (lower class) English immigrants --small farmers or artisans and settled in the Shenandoah Valley or western Virginia • Many came as indentured servants to work on tobacco plantations

  37. Virginia and Other Southern Colonies: ECONOMICS • Location: eastern coastal lowlands • based on large plantations that grew “cash crops” • Tobacco • Rice • indigo **All for export to Europe.

  38. Virginia and Other Southern Colonies: ECONOMICS • Farther inland (in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills) the economy was: • Small-scale subsistence farming • Hunting • Trading.

  39. Politics: (Va)The Virginia House of Burgesses • First in 1619 then fully established by the 1640s • first elected assembly in the New World • Now known as the General Assembly of Virginia.

  40. Social: VA and other Southern Colonies • social structure based on family status and the ownership of land. (“aristocracy”) • Large landowners (eastern lowlands) dominated colonial government –(& maintained an allegiance to England more than in the other colonies)

  41. Social: VA and other Southern Colonies • In the mountains and valleys further inland-lived: • subsistence farmers • Hunters • traders • ….of Scotch-Irish and English descent)

  42. Economics (Slaves & Indentured Servitude) • Strong belief in private ownership of PROPERTY& free enterprise system • Agricultural Economy on HUGE farms required LABOR • Slaves brought 1619 to Jamestown (involuntary servitude) to work on TOBACCO plantations

  43. Indentured servitude • The growth of a plantation-based agricultural economy in the hot, humid coastal lowlands of the Southern colonies required cheap labor on a large scale. • Some of the labor needs, especially in Virginia, were met by indentured servants • often poor persons (LOWER CLASS) from England, Scotland, or Ireland • agreed to work on plantations for a period of time in return for their passage to the Colonies

  44. Indentured Servitude • “debt bondage” • 3-7 years of service in exchange for passage to America (or wherever) • Over ½ of all white immigrants to the 13 British-American colonies came as indentured servants • Legal contract enforced by the courts

  45. From Indentured Servitude to Racial Slavery • “All servants imported and brought into the Country. . . who were not Christians in their native Country. . . shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion. . . shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resists his master. . . correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction. . . the master shall be free of all punishment. . . as if such accident never happened. “ • - Virginia General Assembly declaration, 1705

  46. Slavery/Middle Passage

  47. Is not the slave trade entirely at war with the heart of man? And surely that which is begun by breaking down the barriers of virtue, involves in its continuance destruction to every principle, and buries all sentiments in ruin! When you make men slaves, you... compel them to live with you in a state of war. – ------- Olaudah Equiano, former slave

More Related