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Industrialization

Industrialization. Industrialization. Industrialization _______________ 1 . Early 19 th c a. no electricity, refrigeration b . slow communications 2 . Late 19 th c . a. oil – new energy b . electric light – _____________ i . 1890’s – in homes, factories

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Industrialization

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  1. Industrialization

  2. Industrialization • Industrialization • _______________ 1. Early 19thc a. no electricity, refrigeration b. slow communications 2. Late 19thc. a. oil – new energy b. electric light – _____________ i. 1890’s – in homes, factories c. telegraph – _______________ i. Western Union Co. d. telephone – ______________

  3. Industrialization 3. Railroads a. 1869 – ________________ b. 1883 – ________________________ c. Led to growth of new businesses i. ______________________ d. faster, cheaper shipping 4. ________________ Process a. Cheaper way to make steel b. new construction i. _________________(1883) ii. skyscrapers

  4. Industrialization • “Big” Business 1. __________________ a. based on Darwin’s theory of evolution b. used to justify ___________________policy of gov’t c. businesses compete, best would survive => maximize profits d. anti-__________

  5. Industrialization 2. new kinds of businesses a. ______________ i. one company controlled the market ii. bought out/drove out competition b. ______________ i. few companies controlled market

  6. Industrialization 3. Steel Industry (1870s’) a. __________________ b. bought out companies connected to his (_________ integration) c. 1901-produced 80% of steel in US

  7. Industrialization 4. Oil Industry (1870’s) a. _____________________ b. bought out competing companies (___________ integration) c.______ – several companies ran as one large one(monopoly) d. 1880 – controlled 90% of market e. paid _______ wages, destroyed competition

  8. Industrialization 5. Banking Industry (1900’s) a. __________________ 6. Railroad Industry a. __________________

  9. Industrialization 7. ___________________or Captains of Industry a. Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, Vanderbilt i. “_______ guys” – low wages, kill competition, only profits matter ii. “_______ guys” – create jobs, new products, gave to charities - ____________: Carnegie’s “gospel of wealth”

  10. Industrialization 8. Government Responsea. _________ Antitrust Act (1880) i. interfering w/free trade(competition) is________ ii. law not enforced for a while b. some politicians wanted to keep monopolies together

  11. Labor Movement C. Labor Movement • Factory Work • long hours • strict _______________________ • entire_____________ worked in different areas • loud, dirty, dangerous • best paying jobs 2. big gap b/t ___________________ • some pushed to replace _____________with __________(gov’t ownership of businesses; spread out wealth • some wanted keep capitalism but reform it

  12. Labor Movement 3. Labor Unions a. _________________(1869) i. open to all workers ii. 8 hr. day; end child laborb. ________________________ (AFL) (1886) i. _______________________ ii. ______________ union - for skilled workers only iii. ______________________– group negotiations iv. strikes

  13. Labor Movement c. American Railway Union (1893) i. __________________ ii. __________union – for skilled/unskilled workers d. Industrial Workers of the World (__________) (1905) i. ____________ workers ii. leaders connected to ____________

  14. Labor Movement 4. Employers Reaction to Unions a. ___________________ i. to get job, promise to not join union b. __________________ i. court order to end a strike

  15. Labor Movement 5. Strikes a. Railroad Strike (1877) i. first time President will send _____________to end strike b. ________________________ (1886) i. Chicago – union protest against McCormick plant ii. riot b/t protestors and police iii. country associating unions w/__________, ___________

  16. Labor Movement c. Homestead Strike (1892) i. _________________(private police) hired by company to break steel strike d. Pullman Strike (1894) i. rr car company; strike interrupted ______________ ii. injunction issued to end strike; President sent troops iii. gov’t used Sherman Antitrust Act against ______________

  17. Labor Movement e. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) i. locked doors trapped workers ii. pressure on ____________ to look into factory working conditions

  18. The Guilded Age

  19. The Guilded Age II. Politics, Immigration, Cities • Politics 1. ____________________ policy a.no/few gov’t rules or regulations on business b. first discussed in The Wealth of Nations (1776) – _________________ 2. Scandals (1870’s) a. Credit Mobilier– ______________ set up byrr owners, politicians to sell stock/make $

  20. The Guilded Age 3. Two Party System (1870’s-1920’s) • ______________– business, bankers, North, Midwest - tight money supply, gold standard, _______tariffs, limits on immigrationb. _______________ – factory workers, immigrants, South, West c. most states supported D or R; some were swing states (Ohio, NY) d. “waving the bloody shirt”- ____________Party strategy in elections to get votes by blaming Democrats for ________________

  21. The Guilded Age 4. Reforming the _____________________ a. spoils system – rewarding friends w/jobs b. 1881 – Pres. Garfield shot by person passed over for gov’t job c. 1883 – ______________________________ • civil service – gov’t jobs; must be qualified; pass test d. 1884 – first__________electedpresident since before Civil War (Cleveland)

  22. The Guilded Age 5. New Gov’t Regulations (RR) a. _____________________ i. Munn v. Illinois – states can regulate intra-state trade ii. Wabash v. Illinois – fed.gov’t can regulate inter-state trade (RR) b. _____________________i. Interstate Commerce Act 6. Election of 1896a. who won? - ________________ (Republican back in) b. 1901 – assassinated in Buffalo

  23. Immigration

  24. Immigration B. Immigration 1. Trip to America • 1860-1920 – 30 million new immigrants • 1865-1890: northern, central Europe i. _____________________ c. 1890-1920: southern, eastern Europe i. _____________________ ii. religious persecution (Russian Jews); new start

  25. Immigration 2. _________________(NY) • main entry point to process immigrants from __________i. had to pass physical • settled mostly in northern cities i. South? – too much_____________ for jobs

  26. Immigration 3. __________________ (SF)a. immigrants from _______ b. ___________ tried to keep Chinese out who worked for less pay 4. Reaction to Immigrationa. _____________– political movement favoring native-born Americans b. ____________________ (1882)i. first law to limit immigrant group c. ________________________i. limit on Japanese immigrants

  27. Urbanization

  28. Urbanization C. Growth of _____________1. 1880-1920 a. new immigrants b. migration from _________, South => 11 million to ________ 2. cities grow _____and ______ • Elevators • first skyscraper • growth of ___________ due to – better public ___________________ i. subways, elevated trains, cable cars

  29. Urbanization 3. City Life • ______________- multi-family apartment buildings b. overcrowded, dirty, diseases, crime c. How the Other Half Lives (1890)-_________ i. brought attention to life in tenements, cities

  30. Urbanization 4. Politics in Cities • political ____________ – organizations to keep party in power • hand out jobs, favors in exchange for ______ i. __________________(NY) c. machine ran by “boss” i. _____________________ d. machines attacked in newspapers – political cartoons i. _____________________

  31. Urbanization

  32. Urbanization 5. Reforms • tenement conditions awful • ____________________Movement i. Christian values to improve society c. _____________________ Movement i. ____________________ ii. community centers to get assistance iii. _____________(Chicago)

  33. Urbanization d. __________________ Movement i. stop sale, use of _____________ ii. Women’s Christian Temperance Union; Anti-Saloon League iii. Carry Nation iii. linked drinking, bars w/_________ behavior iv. _____________– saloons were places to get news, use phone, socialize

  34. Urbanization e. ______laws (gambling, drugs, prostitution) i. Comstock Law - illegal to send obscene material in mail ii. __________________ fought law – sent __________________ information to women

  35. 20th Century

  36. 20th Century III. Turn of the Century • Education • public schools • 1870 – _______________ diploma rare • 1910 – most kids in school i. one room school, one teacher ii. learn English, culture, patriotism (become “________________”)

  37. 20th Century 2. College • still only for a few • more opportunities for _________ • some opportunities for ____________________________ 3. African-Americans • views on education i. ________________________skills - economic equality first - _______________________ - Tuskegee Institute ii. liberal arts education - _____________________equality - _____________________ - Niagara Movement (1905) – civil rights group

  38. 20th Century B. Entertainment • Recreation • ____________ i. The Great Train Robbery (1903) ii. The Birth of a Nation (1915) – __________ iii. silent films b. amusement parks c. sports i. _______, football, boxing d. new ___________ i. Hershey Bars, Coca Cola

  39. 20th Century 2. Print Media • __________________ i. more entertainment – comics, sports ii. ________ journalism- cover more scandals, crimes to sell papers - _______________ - _______________

  40. 20th Century b. “rags to riches” stories i. __________________ c. Books i.Huck Finn(Mark Twain)

  41. 20th Century C. ________________________ • discrimination after ______________________ • Voting i. __________________________ to stop blacks from voting b. segration i. ______________(in fact) – races separated by custom ii. _____________(by law) – races separated by laws => ___________________laws iii. separate schools, theatres, hospitals, transportation

  42. 20th Century c. ______________________ (1896) i. segregation legal as long as separate facilities are equal (“__________________” ok) d. _________________ i. wrote about _________in the South e. North i. start of Great Migration - blacks moving North ii. ____________segregation

  43. 20th Century 2. Fighting Discrimination • different methods i. ___________– first AA to visit White House (early 1900’s) ii. George Washington Carver – educator b. ______________(1910) i. civil rights group ii. DuBois

  44. 20th Century D. Role of Women 1. work in ____________ • buying more things i. department stores - _________________ ii. Woolworth’s iii. Sears, Robuck, and Co. b. advertising – targeted ___________

  45. 20th Century 2. work outside home • mostly ______ women • less pay • nursing, teaching, secretarial 3. new ________________ • clothes, looks, behavior changed • ______________ w/out supervision • more active in politics – working for right to____

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