1 / 19

Small-Scale Biodiesel Production

Small-Scale Biodiesel Production. John Nowatzki Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist North Dakota State University. Acknowledgements. Dennis P. Wiesenborn, Professor, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department. Biodiesel. Biodiesel Today What is Biodiesel?

guyv
Download Presentation

Small-Scale Biodiesel Production

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Small-Scale Biodiesel Production John Nowatzki Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist North Dakota State University

  2. Acknowledgements • Dennis P. Wiesenborn, Professor, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department

  3. Biodiesel • Biodiesel Today • What is Biodiesel? • Oil Extraction and Preparation • Processing • Quality Factors • Questions/Comments

  4. US Biodiesel Production 864 million gallons projected for 2007

  5. US Biodiesel Plants 864 million gallons per year. Organization of producers, blenders & marketers

  6. US Biodiesel Plants 1.7 billion gallons per year Organization of producers, blenders & marketers

  7. Bio-fuel Information 1. 10-year average ND yields, ND Agricultural Statistics Service. 2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Bioethanol Multi-Year Technical Plan, Preliminary Draft (Golden, CO,  July 1999). 3. Iogen Corporation, Ottowa, CA

  8. What is Biodiesel? • Processed engine fuel made from vegetable oils, waste cooking oil and animal fats • B100 – Pure Biodiesel • ASTM D6751 Standard

  9. Seed Preparation • Remove Extraneous Material • Screening • Pass Over Magnet

  10. Oil Extraction • Expeller Pressing or Solvent Extraction • Heat Seeds • Crush Seeds • Oil Extraction • Crude Oil • Cake • 15% Oil

  11. Oil Preparation • Degumming (May not be Necessary) • Remove Phospholipids (gums) • Water Wash • Remove all Water • Water - fatty acids form salts • Heat to 120°C • Acid Degumming • Settling

  12. Waste Cooking Processing • Remove the Solids • Remove Gums • Determine Level of Free Fatty Acids • Too high retards or stop processing • May require titration • Method of determining the amount of acids present in the oil • Indicates amount of catalyst to use

  13. Processing • Chemical Reaction • Oil plus Alcohol • Yields Esters + Glycerin • Catalyst - Potassium Hydroxide • Proportions: (In theory) • 10 parts oil - 1 part alcohol • 10 parts biodiesel - 1 part glycerin • Requires Excess Alcohol (In practice) • 10 parts oil – 2 parts alcohol

  14. Biodiesel Washing • Removes remaining: • Catalyst • Methanol • Glycerol • Soaps • Gums • Add water to top of oil • Water collects at bottom • Repeat until clear water • Heat for 1 hour at 248 F

  15. Quality Factors • ASTM standard D6751 • 18 factors • Purity • Storage • Cold Weather Properties • Engines Operation • Complete Conversion • Catalyst and Glycerin Removed

  16. Biodiesel Quality Factors American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications. Biodiesel Standard: ASTM D 6751

  17. Quality Factors • Total Glycerin - Incomplete Reaction • Free Glycerin - Incomplete Washing • May Separate in Storage • Clogs Filters • Total Acid number • Methanol Carryover • Effects on Seals and Hoses

  18. Small-Scale Equipment 50 gal in 2 hours -$12,675.00 BK-300 BioKing_Netherlands 50 gal in 60 hours - $7,995.00 BioPro_190 SSI Indiana. 80 gal in 8 hours-$6,800.00 Ester Machine B100 Supply_Georgia. 40 gal in 24 hours - $2,495.00 Home Biodiesel_Bentonville, AR.

  19. More Information • John Nowatzki • Extension Ag Machine Systems Specialist • North Dakota State University • Telephone: 701-231-8213 • Email: John.Nowatzki@ndsu.edu • http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/abeng/energy_efficiency/

More Related