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8.1 The Rise of City-States

8.1 The Rise of City-States. Geography of the G reek World. There was no country called Greece in the ancient world The area was near both Europe and Asia This put them in the middle of trade routes where they were exposed to new goods, customs, and ideas. Geography of the G reek World.

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8.1 The Rise of City-States

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  1. 8.1The Rise of City-States

  2. Geography of the Greek World • There was no country called Greece in the ancient world • The area was near both Europe and Asia • This put them in the middle of trade routes where they were exposed to new goods, customs, and ideas

  3. Geography of the Greek World • A Rugged Land • Greece is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea • This peninsula also has other peninsulas including the Peloponnesian • About 2,000BC Greeks settled into the mainland of Greece and the islands around it. • The Peninsula is covered with mountains • Only 25% of the land is farmable • This isolated the people of the area from each other • Created a spirit of independence

  4. Geography of the Greek World • Surrounded by the Sea • The sea brought them in contact with more of the world • Became fishermen • Skilled sailors and merchants • Sailed across much of the Mediterranean Sea • Had contact with the older cultures of North Africa and Asia

  5. Geography of the Greek World • A Mediterranean Climate • Mild wet winters and hot dry summers • Hard to grow grains • Good for growing grapes and olives • Traded the grapes and olives for grain

  6. Early Greek History • Minoan Civilization • Writing • Stone palace • Running water • Traded throughout the Mediterranean • Made tools of iron • Mycenaeans conquered the Minoans for their iron making ability

  7. Early Greek History • Mycenaeans • Influenced by the Minoans • Governed by a monarchy • Made Bronze weapons and pottery • Traded for copper, ivory and other luxuries • Destroyed by the Dorians

  8. Early Greek History • The Dark Age • After the Mycenaean was destroyed the Greeks lost the ability to read and write • People migrated to the lands across the Aegean Sea called Ionia (Turkey today) • Told stories of the heroic time of the Mycenaeans • This included the stories of the Trojan War

  9. The Trojan War • The Legend of the Trojan War • 10 year long war • Mycenaeans versus the Ionian city of Troy • Ended with the “gift” of the Trojan Horse • The story was told and sung for hundreds of years • until the Greeks developed their own alphabet (based on the Phoenicians) • The poet Homer finally wrote the stories down in the epic poem the Illiad • Along with the Odyssey, these stories contain and shape Greek culture

  10. The Trojan War • The Legend of the Trojan War • 10 year long war • Mycenaeans versus the Ionian city of Troy • Ended with the “gift” of the Trojan Horse • The story was told and sung for hundreds of years • until the Greeks developed their own alphabet (based on the Phoenicians) • The poet Homer finally wrote the stories down in the epic poem the Illiad • Along with the Odyssey, these stories contain and shape Greek culture

  11. Emergence of City-States • The Polis • Each polis had its own government • Included the city and the surrounding countryside • Each polis had a market place, government center and an agora • An agora is an open space and it was used for a market and other public events • The population of a city-state was small enough that ALL citizens could participate in government

  12. Emergence of City-States • The High City • Acropolis = high city • Public buildings& temples were located here • Could be used as a fortress

  13. Emergence of City-States • Politics in the Polis • The word politics (the art and practice of government) comes from the word polis • The polis was often governed by an aristocracy – rule by the best people • But these governments were often different • sometimes by a king, monarchy - rule by one • Some cities began to be ruled by the citizens – democracy – rule by the people • Even in the democracies foreigners, women and slaves were not allowed to vote

  14. Emergence of City-States • Pride in the Polis • The Polis was the center of Greek culture • Citizens were loyal and expected to sacrifice and even die to protect the polis 300

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